Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.

Parasites provide a selective pressure during the evolution of their hosts, and mediate a range of effects on ecological communities. Due to their short generation time, host-parasite interactions may also drive the virulence of opportunistic bacteria. This is especially relevant in systems where hi...

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Autores principales:	Elina Laanto, Jaana K H Bamford, Jouni Laakso, Lotta-Riina Sundberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0ade0c103f7468599fe2431b6256275
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0ade0c103f7468599fe2431b62562752021-11-18T08:02:58ZPhage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0053157https://doaj.org/article/d0ade0c103f7468599fe2431b62562752012-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23308090/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Parasites provide a selective pressure during the evolution of their hosts, and mediate a range of effects on ecological communities. Due to their short generation time, host-parasite interactions may also drive the virulence of opportunistic bacteria. This is especially relevant in systems where high densities of hosts and parasites on different trophic levels (e.g. vertebrate hosts, their bacterial pathogens, and virus parasitizing bacteria) co-exist. In farmed salmonid fingerlings, Flavobacterium columnare is an emerging pathogen, and phage that infect F. columnare have been isolated. However, the impact of these phage on their host bacterium is not well understood. To study this, four strains of F. columnare were exposed to three isolates of lytic phage and the development of phage resistance and changes in colony morphology were monitored. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system, the ancestral rhizoid morphotypes were associated with a 25-100% mortality rate, whereas phage-resistant rough morphotypes that lost their virulence and gliding motility (which are key characteristics of the ancestral types), did not affect zebrafish survival. Both morphotypes maintained their colony morphologies over ten serial passages in liquid culture, except for the low-virulence strain, Os06, which changed morphology with each passage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effects of phage-host interactions in a commercially important fish pathogen where phage resistance directly correlates with a decline in bacterial virulence. These results suggest that phage can cause phenotypic changes in F. columnare outside the fish host, and antagonistic interactions between bacterial pathogens and their parasitic phage can favor low bacterial virulence under natural conditions. Furthermore, these results suggest that phage-based therapies can provide a disease management strategy for columnaris disease in aquaculture.Elina LaantoJaana K H BamfordJouni LaaksoLotta-Riina SundbergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 12, p e53157 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elina Laanto Jaana K H Bamford Jouni Laakso Lotta-Riina Sundberg Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.
description	Parasites provide a selective pressure during the evolution of their hosts, and mediate a range of effects on ecological communities. Due to their short generation time, host-parasite interactions may also drive the virulence of opportunistic bacteria. This is especially relevant in systems where high densities of hosts and parasites on different trophic levels (e.g. vertebrate hosts, their bacterial pathogens, and virus parasitizing bacteria) co-exist. In farmed salmonid fingerlings, Flavobacterium columnare is an emerging pathogen, and phage that infect F. columnare have been isolated. However, the impact of these phage on their host bacterium is not well understood. To study this, four strains of F. columnare were exposed to three isolates of lytic phage and the development of phage resistance and changes in colony morphology were monitored. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system, the ancestral rhizoid morphotypes were associated with a 25-100% mortality rate, whereas phage-resistant rough morphotypes that lost their virulence and gliding motility (which are key characteristics of the ancestral types), did not affect zebrafish survival. Both morphotypes maintained their colony morphologies over ten serial passages in liquid culture, except for the low-virulence strain, Os06, which changed morphology with each passage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effects of phage-host interactions in a commercially important fish pathogen where phage resistance directly correlates with a decline in bacterial virulence. These results suggest that phage can cause phenotypic changes in F. columnare outside the fish host, and antagonistic interactions between bacterial pathogens and their parasitic phage can favor low bacterial virulence under natural conditions. Furthermore, these results suggest that phage-based therapies can provide a disease management strategy for columnaris disease in aquaculture.
format	article
author	Elina Laanto Jaana K H Bamford Jouni Laakso Lotta-Riina Sundberg
author_facet	Elina Laanto Jaana K H Bamford Jouni Laakso Lotta-Riina Sundberg
author_sort	Elina Laanto
title	Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.
title_short	Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.
title_full	Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.
title_fullStr	Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.
title_full_unstemmed	Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.
title_sort	phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0ade0c103f7468599fe2431b6256275
work_keys_str_mv	AT elinalaanto phagedrivenlossofvirulenceinafishpathogenicbacterium AT jaanakhbamford phagedrivenlossofvirulenceinafishpathogenicbacterium AT jounilaakso phagedrivenlossofvirulenceinafishpathogenicbacterium AT lottariinasundberg phagedrivenlossofvirulenceinafishpathogenicbacterium
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Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fish pathogenic bacterium.

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