O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying

Lanhua Zhao,1,2 Zhe Zhu,1 Lei Ma,1 Yingbo Li1 1Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Peo...

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Autores principales:	Zhao L, Zhu Z, Ma L, Li Y
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	nanoemulsion influenza vaccine particle properties mode of carrying oil phase Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0b1531103af4e8ba2595c5b176a5392
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0b1531103af4e8ba2595c5b176a53922021-12-02T05:21:03ZO/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/d0b1531103af4e8ba2595c5b176a53922020-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/ow-nanoemulsion-as-an-adjuvant-for-an-inactivated-h3n2-influenza-vacci-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Lanhua Zhao,1,2 Zhe Zhu,1 Lei Ma,1 Yingbo Li1 1Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingbo Li Tel +86 13888034695Email lyb@imbcams.comBackground and Purpose: Adjuvant can reduce vaccine dosage and acquire better immune protection to the body, which helps to deal with the frequent outbreaks of influenza. Nanoemulsion adjuvants have been proved efficient, but the relationship between their key properties and the controlled release which greatly affects immune response is still unclear. The present work explores the role of factors such as particle size, the polydispersity index (PDI), stability and the safety of nanoemulsions by optimizing the water concentration, oil phase and modes of carrying, to explain the impact of those key factors above on adjuvant effect.Methods: Isopropyl myristate (IPM), white oil, soybean oil, and grape-kernel oil were chosen as the oil phase to explore their roles in emulsion characteristics and the adjuvant effect. ICR mice were immunized with an emulsion-inactivated H3N2 split influenza vaccine mixture, to compare the nanoemulsion’s adjuvant with traditional aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund’s adjuvant.Results: Particle size of all the nanoemulsion formed in our experiment ranged from 20 nm to 200 nm and did not change much when diluted with water, while the PDI decreased obviously, indicating that the particles tended to become more dispersive. Formulas with 80% or 85.6% water concentration showed significant higher HAI titer than aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund’s adjuvant, and adsorption rather than capsule mode showed higher antigen delivery efficiency. As mentioned about oil phase, G (IPM), F (white oil), H (soybean oil), and I (grape-kernel oil) showed a decreasing trend in their adjuvant efficiency, and nanoemulsion G was the best adjuvant with smaller and uniform particle size.Conclusion: Emulsions with a smaller, uniform particle size had a better adjuvant effect, and the adsorption mode was generally more efficient than the capsule mode. The potential adjuvant order of the different oils was as follows: IPM > white oil > soybean oil > grape-kernel oil.Keywords: nanoemulsion, influenza vaccine, particle properties, mode of carrying, oil phaseZhao LZhu ZMa LLi YDove Medical Pressarticlenanoemulsioninfluenza vaccineparticle propertiesmode of carryingoil phaseMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 2071-2083 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nanoemulsion influenza vaccine particle properties mode of carrying oil phase Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	nanoemulsion influenza vaccine particle properties mode of carrying oil phase Medicine (General) R5-920 Zhao L Zhu Z Ma L Li Y O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying
description	Lanhua Zhao,1,2 Zhe Zhu,1 Lei Ma,1 Yingbo Li1 1Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingbo Li Tel +86 13888034695Email lyb@imbcams.comBackground and Purpose: Adjuvant can reduce vaccine dosage and acquire better immune protection to the body, which helps to deal with the frequent outbreaks of influenza. Nanoemulsion adjuvants have been proved efficient, but the relationship between their key properties and the controlled release which greatly affects immune response is still unclear. The present work explores the role of factors such as particle size, the polydispersity index (PDI), stability and the safety of nanoemulsions by optimizing the water concentration, oil phase and modes of carrying, to explain the impact of those key factors above on adjuvant effect.Methods: Isopropyl myristate (IPM), white oil, soybean oil, and grape-kernel oil were chosen as the oil phase to explore their roles in emulsion characteristics and the adjuvant effect. ICR mice were immunized with an emulsion-inactivated H3N2 split influenza vaccine mixture, to compare the nanoemulsion’s adjuvant with traditional aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund’s adjuvant.Results: Particle size of all the nanoemulsion formed in our experiment ranged from 20 nm to 200 nm and did not change much when diluted with water, while the PDI decreased obviously, indicating that the particles tended to become more dispersive. Formulas with 80% or 85.6% water concentration showed significant higher HAI titer than aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund’s adjuvant, and adsorption rather than capsule mode showed higher antigen delivery efficiency. As mentioned about oil phase, G (IPM), F (white oil), H (soybean oil), and I (grape-kernel oil) showed a decreasing trend in their adjuvant efficiency, and nanoemulsion G was the best adjuvant with smaller and uniform particle size.Conclusion: Emulsions with a smaller, uniform particle size had a better adjuvant effect, and the adsorption mode was generally more efficient than the capsule mode. The potential adjuvant order of the different oils was as follows: IPM > white oil > soybean oil > grape-kernel oil.Keywords: nanoemulsion, influenza vaccine, particle properties, mode of carrying, oil phase
format	article
author	Zhao L Zhu Z Ma L Li Y
author_facet	Zhao L Zhu Z Ma L Li Y
author_sort	Zhao L
title	O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying
title_short	O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying
title_full	O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying
title_fullStr	O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying
title_full_unstemmed	O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying
title_sort	o/w nanoemulsion as an adjuvant for an inactivated h3n2 influenza vaccine: based on particle properties and mode of carrying
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0b1531103af4e8ba2595c5b176a5392
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O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying

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