Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status

Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and...

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Autores principales: Haoyi Guo, Steven Sek-yum Ngai
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:d0c1d4b6c16b4fa89c68439532495a3e2021-11-25T17:48:28ZDomestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status10.3390/ijerph1822117881660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/d0c1d4b6c16b4fa89c68439532495a3e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11788https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and formal social support’s mediation roles between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction, as well as investigating Hukou’s (household registration system) moderation effect. Our sample compromised 1013 grandparent caregivers (Migrant = 508, Local = 505) from 12 kindergartens with a multistage clustered random sampling from Eastern China. Migrant grandparent caregivers had significant lower informal social support (M = 4.000, L = 4.355, <i>p</i> < 0.001), formal social support (M = 1.787, L = 2.111, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and life satisfaction (M = 3.323, L = 3.574, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than local ones. Structural equation modeling results indicated that domestic generative acts positively associated with life satisfaction (<i>b</i> = 0.085, <i>p</i> < 0.05), informal (<i>b</i> = 0.223, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.080, <i>p</i> < 0.05); informal (<i>b</i> = 0.379, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.138, <i>p</i> < 0.001) positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, both informal (β = 0.084, CI [0.039, 0.101], <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (β = 0.011, CI [0.001, 0.018], <i>p</i> < 0.05) mediated the relationship between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction. Furthermore, Hukou status moderated the indirect path from domestic generative acts to life satisfaction via informal social support (<i>p</i> < 0.01), but not formal social support (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Migrant grandparent caregivers, with limited formal social support resources, were found to be more dependent on informal social support than locals. The findings revealed social support and wellbeing disparities among migrant and local grandparent caregivers in urban China. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.Haoyi GuoSteven Sek-yum NgaiMDPI AGarticlegrandparent caregiverdomestic generative actslife satisfactionurban ChinaHukouinformal and formal social supportMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11788, p 11788 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic grandparent caregiver
domestic generative acts
life satisfaction
urban China
Hukou
informal and formal social support
Medicine
R
spellingShingle grandparent caregiver
domestic generative acts
life satisfaction
urban China
Hukou
informal and formal social support
Medicine
R
Haoyi Guo
Steven Sek-yum Ngai
Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
description Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and formal social support’s mediation roles between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction, as well as investigating Hukou’s (household registration system) moderation effect. Our sample compromised 1013 grandparent caregivers (Migrant = 508, Local = 505) from 12 kindergartens with a multistage clustered random sampling from Eastern China. Migrant grandparent caregivers had significant lower informal social support (M = 4.000, L = 4.355, <i>p</i> < 0.001), formal social support (M = 1.787, L = 2.111, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and life satisfaction (M = 3.323, L = 3.574, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than local ones. Structural equation modeling results indicated that domestic generative acts positively associated with life satisfaction (<i>b</i> = 0.085, <i>p</i> < 0.05), informal (<i>b</i> = 0.223, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.080, <i>p</i> < 0.05); informal (<i>b</i> = 0.379, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.138, <i>p</i> < 0.001) positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, both informal (β = 0.084, CI [0.039, 0.101], <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (β = 0.011, CI [0.001, 0.018], <i>p</i> < 0.05) mediated the relationship between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction. Furthermore, Hukou status moderated the indirect path from domestic generative acts to life satisfaction via informal social support (<i>p</i> < 0.01), but not formal social support (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Migrant grandparent caregivers, with limited formal social support resources, were found to be more dependent on informal social support than locals. The findings revealed social support and wellbeing disparities among migrant and local grandparent caregivers in urban China. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.
format article
author Haoyi Guo
Steven Sek-yum Ngai
author_facet Haoyi Guo
Steven Sek-yum Ngai
author_sort Haoyi Guo
title Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_short Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_full Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_fullStr Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_full_unstemmed Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_sort domestic generative acts and life satisfaction among supplementary grandparent caregivers in urban china: mediated by social support and moderated by hukou status
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/d0c1d4b6c16b4fa89c68439532495a3e
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