Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status

Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and...

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Autores principales:	Haoyi Guo, Steven Sek-yum Ngai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	grandparent caregiver domestic generative acts life satisfaction urban China Hukou informal and formal social support Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0c1d4b6c16b4fa89c68439532495a3e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0c1d4b6c16b4fa89c68439532495a3e2021-11-25T17:48:28ZDomestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status10.3390/ijerph1822117881660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/d0c1d4b6c16b4fa89c68439532495a3e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11788https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and formal social support’s mediation roles between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction, as well as investigating Hukou’s (household registration system) moderation effect. Our sample compromised 1013 grandparent caregivers (Migrant = 508, Local = 505) from 12 kindergartens with a multistage clustered random sampling from Eastern China. Migrant grandparent caregivers had significant lower informal social support (M = 4.000, L = 4.355, <i>p</i> < 0.001), formal social support (M = 1.787, L = 2.111, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and life satisfaction (M = 3.323, L = 3.574, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than local ones. Structural equation modeling results indicated that domestic generative acts positively associated with life satisfaction (<i>b</i> = 0.085, <i>p</i> < 0.05), informal (<i>b</i> = 0.223, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.080, <i>p</i> < 0.05); informal (<i>b</i> = 0.379, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.138, <i>p</i> < 0.001) positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, both informal (β = 0.084, CI [0.039, 0.101], <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (β = 0.011, CI [0.001, 0.018], <i>p</i> < 0.05) mediated the relationship between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction. Furthermore, Hukou status moderated the indirect path from domestic generative acts to life satisfaction via informal social support (<i>p</i> < 0.01), but not formal social support (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Migrant grandparent caregivers, with limited formal social support resources, were found to be more dependent on informal social support than locals. The findings revealed social support and wellbeing disparities among migrant and local grandparent caregivers in urban China. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.Haoyi GuoSteven Sek-yum NgaiMDPI AGarticlegrandparent caregiverdomestic generative actslife satisfactionurban ChinaHukouinformal and formal social supportMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11788, p 11788 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	grandparent caregiver domestic generative acts life satisfaction urban China Hukou informal and formal social support Medicine R
spellingShingle	grandparent caregiver domestic generative acts life satisfaction urban China Hukou informal and formal social support Medicine R Haoyi Guo Steven Sek-yum Ngai Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
description	Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and formal social support’s mediation roles between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction, as well as investigating Hukou’s (household registration system) moderation effect. Our sample compromised 1013 grandparent caregivers (Migrant = 508, Local = 505) from 12 kindergartens with a multistage clustered random sampling from Eastern China. Migrant grandparent caregivers had significant lower informal social support (M = 4.000, L = 4.355, <i>p</i> < 0.001), formal social support (M = 1.787, L = 2.111, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and life satisfaction (M = 3.323, L = 3.574, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than local ones. Structural equation modeling results indicated that domestic generative acts positively associated with life satisfaction (<i>b</i> = 0.085, <i>p</i> < 0.05), informal (<i>b</i> = 0.223, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.080, <i>p</i> < 0.05); informal (<i>b</i> = 0.379, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (<i>b</i> = 0.138, <i>p</i> < 0.001) positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, both informal (β = 0.084, CI [0.039, 0.101], <i>p</i> < 0.001) and formal social support (β = 0.011, CI [0.001, 0.018], <i>p</i> < 0.05) mediated the relationship between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction. Furthermore, Hukou status moderated the indirect path from domestic generative acts to life satisfaction via informal social support (<i>p</i> < 0.01), but not formal social support (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Migrant grandparent caregivers, with limited formal social support resources, were found to be more dependent on informal social support than locals. The findings revealed social support and wellbeing disparities among migrant and local grandparent caregivers in urban China. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.
format	article
author	Haoyi Guo Steven Sek-yum Ngai
author_facet	Haoyi Guo Steven Sek-yum Ngai
author_sort	Haoyi Guo
title	Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_short	Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_full	Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_fullStr	Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_full_unstemmed	Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status
title_sort	domestic generative acts and life satisfaction among supplementary grandparent caregivers in urban china: mediated by social support and moderated by hukou status
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0c1d4b6c16b4fa89c68439532495a3e
work_keys_str_mv	AT haoyiguo domesticgenerativeactsandlifesatisfactionamongsupplementarygrandparentcaregiversinurbanchinamediatedbysocialsupportandmoderatedbyhukoustatus AT stevensekyumngai domesticgenerativeactsandlifesatisfactionamongsupplementarygrandparentcaregiversinurbanchinamediatedbysocialsupportandmoderatedbyhukoustatus
_version_	1718412012757712896

Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status

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