Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.

Chromium (Cr) is a dangerous metal that has been found in the environment in high amounts as the result of numerous human activities, with proven negative effects on various organisms, including plants. The exposure of some plant species to this metal resulted in reduced growth, impaired nutrient up...

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Autores principales:	Maria Martins, Jorge Lopes, Bruno Sousa, Cristiano Soares, Inês M. Valente, José A. Rodrigues, Fernanda Fidalgo, Jorge Teixeira
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Metal pollution Glutamine synthetase Glutamate dehydrogenase Oxidative stress Tomato plant Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0e06a022b8e49cab8eb9b97dfe7120c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0e06a022b8e49cab8eb9b97dfe7120c2021-12-04T04:36:38ZCr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.2667-064X10.1016/j.stress.2021.100034https://doaj.org/article/d0e06a022b8e49cab8eb9b97dfe7120c2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X21000336https://doaj.org/toc/2667-064XChromium (Cr) is a dangerous metal that has been found in the environment in high amounts as the result of numerous human activities, with proven negative effects on various organisms, including plants. The exposure of some plant species to this metal resulted in reduced growth, impaired nutrient uptake, and led to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately causing oxidative damage. Nevertheless, studies regarding the impact of Cr on nitrogen (N) metabolism, the main limiting factor for plant growth, either directly or through the occurrence of oxidative stress, are scarce. Thus, this work aimed to explore the interplay between ammonia (NH4+) assimilation, redox homeostasis and antioxidant (AOX) system of tomato plants exposed to increased concentrations of Cr (VI) (0, 5 and 10 µM). The results revealed that Cr (VI) induced biometric damages, with roots being the most affected organ. Glutamine synthetase (GS) was differentially influenced by the metal at the gene expression, protein and activity levels, whereas glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was enhanced. Moreover, in Cr (VI)-treated plants, the observed oxidative damage was dependent on metal concentration and plant organ, with a differential accumulation of ROS and a generalized increase of lipid peroxidation (LP) recorded, being paired with an overall failure of the enzymatic antioxidant (AOX) system. Still, the non-enzymatic AOX component had a relevant role in the protection of plants against Cr (VI). Overall, the obtained results suggest that Cr (VI)-mediated plant growth reduction resulted from the occurrence of oxidative stress, coupled with the lack of enzymatic AOX defense, which, consequently, affected the NH4+ assimilatory route.Maria MartinsJorge LopesBruno SousaCristiano SoaresInês M. ValenteJosé A. RodriguesFernanda FidalgoJorge TeixeiraElsevierarticleMetal pollutionGlutamine synthetaseGlutamate dehydrogenaseOxidative stressTomato plantPlant ecologyQK900-989ENPlant Stress, Vol 2, Iss , Pp 100034- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Metal pollution Glutamine synthetase Glutamate dehydrogenase Oxidative stress Tomato plant Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	Metal pollution Glutamine synthetase Glutamate dehydrogenase Oxidative stress Tomato plant Plant ecology QK900-989 Maria Martins Jorge Lopes Bruno Sousa Cristiano Soares Inês M. Valente José A. Rodrigues Fernanda Fidalgo Jorge Teixeira Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.
description	Chromium (Cr) is a dangerous metal that has been found in the environment in high amounts as the result of numerous human activities, with proven negative effects on various organisms, including plants. The exposure of some plant species to this metal resulted in reduced growth, impaired nutrient uptake, and led to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately causing oxidative damage. Nevertheless, studies regarding the impact of Cr on nitrogen (N) metabolism, the main limiting factor for plant growth, either directly or through the occurrence of oxidative stress, are scarce. Thus, this work aimed to explore the interplay between ammonia (NH4+) assimilation, redox homeostasis and antioxidant (AOX) system of tomato plants exposed to increased concentrations of Cr (VI) (0, 5 and 10 µM). The results revealed that Cr (VI) induced biometric damages, with roots being the most affected organ. Glutamine synthetase (GS) was differentially influenced by the metal at the gene expression, protein and activity levels, whereas glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was enhanced. Moreover, in Cr (VI)-treated plants, the observed oxidative damage was dependent on metal concentration and plant organ, with a differential accumulation of ROS and a generalized increase of lipid peroxidation (LP) recorded, being paired with an overall failure of the enzymatic antioxidant (AOX) system. Still, the non-enzymatic AOX component had a relevant role in the protection of plants against Cr (VI). Overall, the obtained results suggest that Cr (VI)-mediated plant growth reduction resulted from the occurrence of oxidative stress, coupled with the lack of enzymatic AOX defense, which, consequently, affected the NH4+ assimilatory route.
format	article
author	Maria Martins Jorge Lopes Bruno Sousa Cristiano Soares Inês M. Valente José A. Rodrigues Fernanda Fidalgo Jorge Teixeira
author_facet	Maria Martins Jorge Lopes Bruno Sousa Cristiano Soares Inês M. Valente José A. Rodrigues Fernanda Fidalgo Jorge Teixeira
author_sort	Maria Martins
title	Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.
title_short	Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.
title_full	Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.
title_fullStr	Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.
title_full_unstemmed	Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.
title_sort	cr (vi)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in solanum lycopersicum l.
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0e06a022b8e49cab8eb9b97dfe7120c
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Cr (VI)-induced oxidative damage impairs ammonia assimilation into organic forms in Solanum lycopersicum L.

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