Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity

This work aims to evaluate the performance of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as conductive filler with the presence of 0.5 wt.% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on the physical, mechanical, conductivity and thermal properties of jatropha oil based waterborne polyurethane. Polyurethane was made from crude jatr...

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Autores principales:	Mohamad Ridzuan Amri, Faizah Md Yasin, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Syeed Saifulazry Osman Al-Edrus, Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nanocellulose graphene nanoplatelet bio-based polyol biopolymer bio-based film bio-composite Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0eb71bd6f1340f493d37fde980d9f62
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0eb71bd6f1340f493d37fde980d9f622021-11-11T18:45:48ZTernary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity10.3390/polym132137402073-4360https://doaj.org/article/d0eb71bd6f1340f493d37fde980d9f622021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3740https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360This work aims to evaluate the performance of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as conductive filler with the presence of 0.5 wt.% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on the physical, mechanical, conductivity and thermal properties of jatropha oil based waterborne polyurethane. Polyurethane was made from crude jatropha oil using an epoxidation and ring-opening process. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.% GNP and 0.5 wt.% CNF were incorporated using casting method to enhance film performance. Mechanical properties were studied following standard method as stated in ASTM D638-03 Type V. Thermal stability of the nanocomposite system was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Filler interaction and chemical crosslinking was monitored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and film morphology were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Water uptake analysis, water contact angle and conductivity tests are also carried out. The results showed that when the GNP was incorporated at fixed CNF content, it was found to enhance the nanocomposite film, its mechanical, thermal and water behavior properties as supported by morphology and water uptake. Nanocomposite film with 0.5 wt.% GNP shows the highest improvement in term of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, thermal degradation and water behavior. As the GNP loading increases, water uptake of the nanocomposite film was found relatively small (<1%). Contact angle test also indicates that the film is hydrophobic with addition of GNP. The conductivity properties of the nanocomposite film were not enhanced due to electrostatic repulsion force between GNP sheet and hard segment of WBPU. Overall, with addition of GNP, mechanical and thermal properties was greatly enhanced. However, conductivity value was not enhanced as expected due to electrostatic repulsion force. Therefore, ternary nanocomposite system is a suitable candidate for coating application.Mohamad Ridzuan AmriFaizah Md YasinLuqman Chuah AbdullahSyeed Saifulazry Osman Al-EdrusSiti Fatahiyah MohamadMDPI AGarticlenanocellulosegraphene nanoplateletbio-based polyolbiopolymerbio-based filmbio-compositeOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3740, p 3740 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nanocellulose graphene nanoplatelet bio-based polyol biopolymer bio-based film bio-composite Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	nanocellulose graphene nanoplatelet bio-based polyol biopolymer bio-based film bio-composite Organic chemistry QD241-441 Mohamad Ridzuan Amri Faizah Md Yasin Luqman Chuah Abdullah Syeed Saifulazry Osman Al-Edrus Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity
description	This work aims to evaluate the performance of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as conductive filler with the presence of 0.5 wt.% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on the physical, mechanical, conductivity and thermal properties of jatropha oil based waterborne polyurethane. Polyurethane was made from crude jatropha oil using an epoxidation and ring-opening process. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.% GNP and 0.5 wt.% CNF were incorporated using casting method to enhance film performance. Mechanical properties were studied following standard method as stated in ASTM D638-03 Type V. Thermal stability of the nanocomposite system was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Filler interaction and chemical crosslinking was monitored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and film morphology were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Water uptake analysis, water contact angle and conductivity tests are also carried out. The results showed that when the GNP was incorporated at fixed CNF content, it was found to enhance the nanocomposite film, its mechanical, thermal and water behavior properties as supported by morphology and water uptake. Nanocomposite film with 0.5 wt.% GNP shows the highest improvement in term of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, thermal degradation and water behavior. As the GNP loading increases, water uptake of the nanocomposite film was found relatively small (<1%). Contact angle test also indicates that the film is hydrophobic with addition of GNP. The conductivity properties of the nanocomposite film were not enhanced due to electrostatic repulsion force between GNP sheet and hard segment of WBPU. Overall, with addition of GNP, mechanical and thermal properties was greatly enhanced. However, conductivity value was not enhanced as expected due to electrostatic repulsion force. Therefore, ternary nanocomposite system is a suitable candidate for coating application.
format	article
author	Mohamad Ridzuan Amri Faizah Md Yasin Luqman Chuah Abdullah Syeed Saifulazry Osman Al-Edrus Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad
author_facet	Mohamad Ridzuan Amri Faizah Md Yasin Luqman Chuah Abdullah Syeed Saifulazry Osman Al-Edrus Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad
author_sort	Mohamad Ridzuan Amri
title	Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity
title_short	Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity
title_full	Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity
title_fullStr	Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity
title_full_unstemmed	Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity
title_sort	ternary nanocomposite system composing of graphene nanoplatelet, cellulose nanofiber and jatropha oil based waterborne polyurethane: characterizations, mechanical, thermal properties and conductivity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0eb71bd6f1340f493d37fde980d9f62
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Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity

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