Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation

Nadia Zghoul,1 Nada Alam-Eldin,1 Ivan Tong Mak,2 Burton Silver,3 William B Weglicki2 1Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait, Kuwait; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 3Intracellular Diagnostics, Inc.&...

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Autores principales:	Zghoul N, Alam-Eldin N, Mak IT, Silver B, Weglicki WB
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Hypomagnesemia type 2 diabetes intracellular magnesium elemental X ray analysis Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d12247186ff844e7a723ab67d0dec076
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d12247186ff844e7a723ab67d0dec0762021-12-02T01:07:09ZHypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/d12247186ff844e7a723ab67d0dec0762018-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/hypomagnesemia-in-diabetes-patients-comparison-of-serum-and-intracellu-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Nadia Zghoul,1 Nada Alam-Eldin,1 Ivan Tong Mak,2 Burton Silver,3 William B Weglicki2 1Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait, Kuwait; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 3Intracellular Diagnostics, Inc.®, Medford, OR, USA Purpose: In this clinical trial, we assessed the efficacy of magnesium (Mg) supplementation in hypomagnesemic type 2 diabetes patients in restoring serum and intracellular Mg levels. The study had two coprimary end points: the change in serum and intracellular Mg level between baseline and after 3 months of supplementation. We compared the efficacy with regard to lowering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and 8-isoprostane as secondary end points. Patients and methods: In an open-label trial, 47 hypomagnesemic type 2 diabetes patients were administered 336 mg Mg daily. At baseline and after 3 months, serum, cellular Mg, and inflammation biomarkers were measured. For intracellular Mg levels, sublingual epithelial cells were analyzed by analytical scanning electron microscopy using computerized elemental X-ray analysis. Blood samples were analyzed for Mg, creatinine, HbA1c, and CRP. Systemic inflammatory markers including TNF-α and the oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Mg supplementation significantly increased the intracellular and serum levels. Statistically clinical improvement in HbA1c and CRP levels was not observed, but significant decreases in TNF-α as well as in 8-isoprostane were found. Conclusion: A feasible clinical method for the assessment of intracellular Mg was demonstrated in tissue samples obtained noninvasively, providing evidence for potential clinical translation of this method to routinely determine intracellular Mg concentration. Keywords: hypomagnesemia, type 2 diabetes, intracellular magnesium, elemental X-ray analysisZghoul NAlam-Eldin NMak ITSilver BWeglicki WBDove Medical PressarticleHypomagnesemiatype 2 diabetesintracellular magnesiumelemental X ray analysisSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 11, Pp 389-400 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Hypomagnesemia type 2 diabetes intracellular magnesium elemental X ray analysis Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	Hypomagnesemia type 2 diabetes intracellular magnesium elemental X ray analysis Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Zghoul N Alam-Eldin N Mak IT Silver B Weglicki WB Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation
description	Nadia Zghoul,1 Nada Alam-Eldin,1 Ivan Tong Mak,2 Burton Silver,3 William B Weglicki2 1Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait, Kuwait; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 3Intracellular Diagnostics, Inc.®, Medford, OR, USA Purpose: In this clinical trial, we assessed the efficacy of magnesium (Mg) supplementation in hypomagnesemic type 2 diabetes patients in restoring serum and intracellular Mg levels. The study had two coprimary end points: the change in serum and intracellular Mg level between baseline and after 3 months of supplementation. We compared the efficacy with regard to lowering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and 8-isoprostane as secondary end points. Patients and methods: In an open-label trial, 47 hypomagnesemic type 2 diabetes patients were administered 336 mg Mg daily. At baseline and after 3 months, serum, cellular Mg, and inflammation biomarkers were measured. For intracellular Mg levels, sublingual epithelial cells were analyzed by analytical scanning electron microscopy using computerized elemental X-ray analysis. Blood samples were analyzed for Mg, creatinine, HbA1c, and CRP. Systemic inflammatory markers including TNF-α and the oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Mg supplementation significantly increased the intracellular and serum levels. Statistically clinical improvement in HbA1c and CRP levels was not observed, but significant decreases in TNF-α as well as in 8-isoprostane were found. Conclusion: A feasible clinical method for the assessment of intracellular Mg was demonstrated in tissue samples obtained noninvasively, providing evidence for potential clinical translation of this method to routinely determine intracellular Mg concentration. Keywords: hypomagnesemia, type 2 diabetes, intracellular magnesium, elemental X-ray analysis
format	article
author	Zghoul N Alam-Eldin N Mak IT Silver B Weglicki WB
author_facet	Zghoul N Alam-Eldin N Mak IT Silver B Weglicki WB
author_sort	Zghoul N
title	Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation
title_short	Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation
title_full	Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation
title_fullStr	Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation
title_full_unstemmed	Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation
title_sort	hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/d12247186ff844e7a723ab67d0dec076
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Hypomagnesemia in diabetes patients: comparison of serum and intracellular measurement of responses to magnesium supplementation and its role in inflammation

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