The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.

Long polycytidine (polyC) tracts varying in length from 50 to 400 nucleotides were first described in the 5'-noncoding region (NCR) of genomes of picornaviruses belonging to the Cardio- and Aphthovirus genera over 50 years ago, but the molecular basis of their function is still unknown. Truncat...

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Autores principales:	Velia Penza, Stephen J Russell, Autumn J Schulze
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d124e585101548548968c40e86d03fd7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d124e585101548548968c40e86d03fd72021-12-02T19:59:39ZThe long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1009739https://doaj.org/article/d124e585101548548968c40e86d03fd72021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009739https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Long polycytidine (polyC) tracts varying in length from 50 to 400 nucleotides were first described in the 5'-noncoding region (NCR) of genomes of picornaviruses belonging to the Cardio- and Aphthovirus genera over 50 years ago, but the molecular basis of their function is still unknown. Truncation or complete deletion of the polyC tracts in picornaviruses compromises virulence and pathogenicity but do not affect replicative fitness in vitro, suggesting a role as "viral security" RNA element. The evidence available suggests that the presence of a long polyC tract is required for replication in immune cells, which impacts viral distribution and targeting, and, consequently, pathogenic progression. Viral attenuation achieved by reduction of the polyC tract length has been successfully used for vaccine strategies. Further elucidation of the role of the polyC tract in viral replication cycle and its connection with replication in immune cells has the potential to expand the arsenal of tools in the fight against cancer in oncolytic virotherapy (OV). Here, we review the published data on the biological significance and mechanisms of action of the polyC tract in viral pathogenesis in Cardio- and Aphthoviruses.Velia PenzaStephen J RussellAutumn J SchulzePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e1009739 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Velia Penza Stephen J Russell Autumn J Schulze The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.
description	Long polycytidine (polyC) tracts varying in length from 50 to 400 nucleotides were first described in the 5'-noncoding region (NCR) of genomes of picornaviruses belonging to the Cardio- and Aphthovirus genera over 50 years ago, but the molecular basis of their function is still unknown. Truncation or complete deletion of the polyC tracts in picornaviruses compromises virulence and pathogenicity but do not affect replicative fitness in vitro, suggesting a role as "viral security" RNA element. The evidence available suggests that the presence of a long polyC tract is required for replication in immune cells, which impacts viral distribution and targeting, and, consequently, pathogenic progression. Viral attenuation achieved by reduction of the polyC tract length has been successfully used for vaccine strategies. Further elucidation of the role of the polyC tract in viral replication cycle and its connection with replication in immune cells has the potential to expand the arsenal of tools in the fight against cancer in oncolytic virotherapy (OV). Here, we review the published data on the biological significance and mechanisms of action of the polyC tract in viral pathogenesis in Cardio- and Aphthoviruses.
format	article
author	Velia Penza Stephen J Russell Autumn J Schulze
author_facet	Velia Penza Stephen J Russell Autumn J Schulze
author_sort	Velia Penza
title	The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.
title_short	The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.
title_full	The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.
title_fullStr	The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.
title_full_unstemmed	The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.
title_sort	long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyc) tract.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d124e585101548548968c40e86d03fd7
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The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract.

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