Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events

Abstract The Black Summer fire season of 2019–2020 in southeastern Australia contributed to an intense ‘super outbreak’ of fire-induced and smoke-infused thunderstorms, known as pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb). More than half of the 38 observed pyroCbs injected smoke particles directly into the stratosphe...

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Autores principales:	David A. Peterson, Michael D. Fromm, Richard H. D. McRae, James R. Campbell, Edward J. Hyer, Ghassan Taha, Christopher P. Camacho, George P. Kablick, Chris C. Schmidt, Matthew T. DeLand
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d12cd38993d84050bf26f66f9fd8ad7a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d12cd38993d84050bf26f66f9fd8ad7a2021-12-02T15:33:03ZAustralia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events10.1038/s41612-021-00192-92397-3722https://doaj.org/article/d12cd38993d84050bf26f66f9fd8ad7a2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00192-9https://doaj.org/toc/2397-3722Abstract The Black Summer fire season of 2019–2020 in southeastern Australia contributed to an intense ‘super outbreak’ of fire-induced and smoke-infused thunderstorms, known as pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb). More than half of the 38 observed pyroCbs injected smoke particles directly into the stratosphere, producing two of the three largest smoke plumes observed at such altitudes to date. Over the course of 3 months, these plumes encircled a large swath of the Southern Hemisphere while continuing to rise, in a manner consistent with existing nuclear winter theory. We connect cause and effect of this event by quantifying the fire characteristics, fuel consumption, and meteorology contributing to the pyroCb spatiotemporal evolution. Emphasis is placed on the unusually long duration of sustained pyroCb activity and anomalous persistence during nighttime hours. The ensuing stratospheric smoke plumes are compared with plumes injected by significant volcanic eruptions over the last decade. As the second record-setting stratospheric pyroCb event in the last 4 years, the Australian super outbreak offers new clues on the potential scale and intensity of this increasingly extreme fire-weather phenomenon in a warming climate.David A. PetersonMichael D. FrommRichard H. D. McRaeJames R. CampbellEdward J. HyerGhassan TahaChristopher P. CamachoGeorge P. KablickChris C. SchmidtMatthew T. DeLandNature PortfolioarticleEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350Meteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENnpj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 David A. Peterson Michael D. Fromm Richard H. D. McRae James R. Campbell Edward J. Hyer Ghassan Taha Christopher P. Camacho George P. Kablick Chris C. Schmidt Matthew T. DeLand Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
description	Abstract The Black Summer fire season of 2019–2020 in southeastern Australia contributed to an intense ‘super outbreak’ of fire-induced and smoke-infused thunderstorms, known as pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb). More than half of the 38 observed pyroCbs injected smoke particles directly into the stratosphere, producing two of the three largest smoke plumes observed at such altitudes to date. Over the course of 3 months, these plumes encircled a large swath of the Southern Hemisphere while continuing to rise, in a manner consistent with existing nuclear winter theory. We connect cause and effect of this event by quantifying the fire characteristics, fuel consumption, and meteorology contributing to the pyroCb spatiotemporal evolution. Emphasis is placed on the unusually long duration of sustained pyroCb activity and anomalous persistence during nighttime hours. The ensuing stratospheric smoke plumes are compared with plumes injected by significant volcanic eruptions over the last decade. As the second record-setting stratospheric pyroCb event in the last 4 years, the Australian super outbreak offers new clues on the potential scale and intensity of this increasingly extreme fire-weather phenomenon in a warming climate.
format	article
author	David A. Peterson Michael D. Fromm Richard H. D. McRae James R. Campbell Edward J. Hyer Ghassan Taha Christopher P. Camacho George P. Kablick Chris C. Schmidt Matthew T. DeLand
author_facet	David A. Peterson Michael D. Fromm Richard H. D. McRae James R. Campbell Edward J. Hyer Ghassan Taha Christopher P. Camacho George P. Kablick Chris C. Schmidt Matthew T. DeLand
author_sort	David A. Peterson
title	Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
title_short	Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
title_full	Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
title_fullStr	Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
title_full_unstemmed	Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
title_sort	australia’s black summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d12cd38993d84050bf26f66f9fd8ad7a
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Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events

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