Effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits

Background: As one of the most harmful gases in the livestock house, ammonia is recognized as an environmental stressor by Environmental Protection Agency (United States). The study aimed to explore the effect of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis of rabbits. A total of ninety two-...

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Autores principales: Jia Cui, Fengyang Wu, Xinyu Yang, Shudong Liu, Shuaijuan Han, Baojiang Chen
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/d15f911d82ea456eb8963bf66d1f33e4
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:d15f911d82ea456eb8963bf66d1f33e42021-11-06T04:17:30ZEffects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112922https://doaj.org/article/d15f911d82ea456eb8963bf66d1f33e42021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321010344https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Background: As one of the most harmful gases in the livestock house, ammonia is recognized as an environmental stressor by Environmental Protection Agency (United States). The study aimed to explore the effect of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis of rabbits. A total of ninety two-month-old female IRA rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, and were kept in animal environment control rooms for four weeks at college of animal science and technology, Hebei Agricultural University (Baoding, China). The rabbits in the control group were kept under ammonia concentration of < 3 ppm. The two treatment groups were kept under ammonia concentration of 30 ppm and 50 ppm. Hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Serum was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Histopathological examination revealed that exposed to excess ammonia damaged the morphology and structure of hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. TUNEL assay revealed that apoptosis rate increased in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2associated X protein (Bax) and Caspase-9 increased, while B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) decreased, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, the concentration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (PROG) reduced in plasma. The mRNA expression of FSH and LH in pituitary and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), E2, PROG in ovary as well as decreased, indicated hormone secretion disorder. Conclusions: The results indicated that ammonia exposure damaged hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary, caused hormone secretion disorder and apoptosis.Jia CuiFengyang WuXinyu YangShudong LiuShuaijuan HanBaojiang ChenElsevierarticleAmmoniaHPO axisRabbitHormone secretion disorderApoptosisEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 227, Iss , Pp 112922- (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Ammonia
HPO axis
Rabbit
Hormone secretion disorder
Apoptosis
Environmental pollution
TD172-193.5
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
spellingShingle Ammonia
HPO axis
Rabbit
Hormone secretion disorder
Apoptosis
Environmental pollution
TD172-193.5
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
Jia Cui
Fengyang Wu
Xinyu Yang
Shudong Liu
Shuaijuan Han
Baojiang Chen
Effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits
description Background: As one of the most harmful gases in the livestock house, ammonia is recognized as an environmental stressor by Environmental Protection Agency (United States). The study aimed to explore the effect of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis of rabbits. A total of ninety two-month-old female IRA rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, and were kept in animal environment control rooms for four weeks at college of animal science and technology, Hebei Agricultural University (Baoding, China). The rabbits in the control group were kept under ammonia concentration of < 3 ppm. The two treatment groups were kept under ammonia concentration of 30 ppm and 50 ppm. Hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Serum was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Histopathological examination revealed that exposed to excess ammonia damaged the morphology and structure of hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. TUNEL assay revealed that apoptosis rate increased in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2associated X protein (Bax) and Caspase-9 increased, while B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) decreased, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, the concentration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (PROG) reduced in plasma. The mRNA expression of FSH and LH in pituitary and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), E2, PROG in ovary as well as decreased, indicated hormone secretion disorder. Conclusions: The results indicated that ammonia exposure damaged hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary, caused hormone secretion disorder and apoptosis.
format article
author Jia Cui
Fengyang Wu
Xinyu Yang
Shudong Liu
Shuaijuan Han
Baojiang Chen
author_facet Jia Cui
Fengyang Wu
Xinyu Yang
Shudong Liu
Shuaijuan Han
Baojiang Chen
author_sort Jia Cui
title Effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits
title_short Effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits
title_full Effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits
title_fullStr Effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits
title_full_unstemmed Effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits
title_sort effects of ammonia on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female rabbits
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/d15f911d82ea456eb8963bf66d1f33e4
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AT xinyuyang effectsofammoniaonhypothalamicpituitaryovarianaxisinfemalerabbits
AT shudongliu effectsofammoniaonhypothalamicpituitaryovarianaxisinfemalerabbits
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