Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the swelling potential of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners. The study involved the assessment of the effect of compaction and moulding moisture content (30–40%), corresponding to the Proctor standard compaction...

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Autores principales:	Agnieszka Dąbska, Agata Léthel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d16b5e86e7cb400680b9e9f56d4d5783
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d16b5e86e7cb400680b9e9f56d4d57832021-12-02T16:30:10ZSwelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners10.1038/s41598-021-94688-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d16b5e86e7cb400680b9e9f56d4d57832021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94688-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the swelling potential of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners. The study involved the assessment of the effect of compaction and moulding moisture content (30–40%), corresponding to the Proctor standard compaction test. One-dimensional oedometer swell tests were conducted using distilled water, tap water, and municipal landfill leachate, resulting in the determination of the expansion indices. Moreover, changes in the moisture content and dry density during the swelling process were investigated. The expansion index was significantly influenced by the initial moisture content and liquid chemistry. Subsequently, these factors also affected the sludge dry density decrease, and its moisture content increase, whereas the impact of the initial dry density on expansion was of low importance. An increase in the sludge moulding moisture content, limited swelling in all liquids used. The highest expansion, dry density, and moisture content changes due to swelling were identified for leachate at w < w opt . It should be underlined that the effect of liquid on the swelling potential faded away along with a further increase in the moisture content w > w opt . The novelty of the work lies in identifying a significant plunge of the expansion index at w ≈ w opt for the leachate swelling test. The lime-softening sludge non-swelling moisture content was defined as w non ≈ (w opt + 4.0%) − (w opt + 4.5%). For practical engineering implications, the moisture content between (w opt + 2.0%) and (w opt + 4.0%) was provided for the most suitable sludge application in landfill liners.Agnieszka DąbskaAgata LéthelNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Agnieszka Dąbska Agata Léthel Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners
description	Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the swelling potential of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners. The study involved the assessment of the effect of compaction and moulding moisture content (30–40%), corresponding to the Proctor standard compaction test. One-dimensional oedometer swell tests were conducted using distilled water, tap water, and municipal landfill leachate, resulting in the determination of the expansion indices. Moreover, changes in the moisture content and dry density during the swelling process were investigated. The expansion index was significantly influenced by the initial moisture content and liquid chemistry. Subsequently, these factors also affected the sludge dry density decrease, and its moisture content increase, whereas the impact of the initial dry density on expansion was of low importance. An increase in the sludge moulding moisture content, limited swelling in all liquids used. The highest expansion, dry density, and moisture content changes due to swelling were identified for leachate at w < w opt . It should be underlined that the effect of liquid on the swelling potential faded away along with a further increase in the moisture content w > w opt . The novelty of the work lies in identifying a significant plunge of the expansion index at w ≈ w opt for the leachate swelling test. The lime-softening sludge non-swelling moisture content was defined as w non ≈ (w opt + 4.0%) − (w opt + 4.5%). For practical engineering implications, the moisture content between (w opt + 2.0%) and (w opt + 4.0%) was provided for the most suitable sludge application in landfill liners.
format	article
author	Agnieszka Dąbska Agata Léthel
author_facet	Agnieszka Dąbska Agata Léthel
author_sort	Agnieszka Dąbska
title	Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners
title_short	Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners
title_full	Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners
title_fullStr	Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners
title_full_unstemmed	Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners
title_sort	swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d16b5e86e7cb400680b9e9f56d4d5783
work_keys_str_mv	AT agnieszkadabska swellingbehavioursofcompactedlimesofteningsludgeforapplicationinlandfillliners AT agatalethel swellingbehavioursofcompactedlimesofteningsludgeforapplicationinlandfillliners
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Swelling behaviours of compacted lime-softening sludge for application in landfill liners

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