An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020

Objectives: Since 2012, outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs have increased outside of South Africa’s ASF control zone. This study describes the epidemiological investigation and findings of an ASF outbreak in a small-scale pig unit in Gauteng Province and makes recommendations to...

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Autores principales:	Shira Amar, Liesl De Boni, Alex de Voux, Livio Heath, Peter Geertsma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	African swine fever Biosecurity Small-scale Socioeconomic factors Culling Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d17ba2a853474d438d0da9304ad8583d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d17ba2a853474d438d0da9304ad8583d2021-11-06T04:21:43ZAn outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 20201201-971210.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.003https://doaj.org/article/d17ba2a853474d438d0da9304ad8583d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221003131https://doaj.org/toc/1201-9712Objectives: Since 2012, outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs have increased outside of South Africa’s ASF control zone. This study describes the epidemiological investigation and findings of an ASF outbreak in a small-scale pig unit in Gauteng Province and makes recommendations to prevent future outbreaks. Methods: PCR testing and molecular analysis were performed on pig tissue samples. Veterinary services conducted epidemiological investigations, forward and backward tracing, and surveillance. Farm management and biosecurity practices were assessed. Quarantine, culling, carcass disposal, and disinfection were implemented. Results: ASF virus genotype I was detected. A concurrent ASF outbreak in neighbouring Mpumalanga Province was identified as a possible source. Inadequate biosecurity measures probably facilitated viral transmission. Potential mechanisms for the introduction of the ASF virus include swill feeding practices, free roaming of pigs, scavenging, illegal slaughter, and trade of pig products within the community. Conclusions: Molecular typing of the ASF virus linked the outbreak to an ongoing ASF outbreak in Mpumalanga Province. Pig enterprises with poor biosecurity practices may face greater risk of ASF introduction. Small-scale pig keepers should be targeted for ASF awareness and education campaigns. Innovative and cost-effective biosecurity solutions are needed in this resource-poor setting.Shira AmarLiesl De BoniAlex de VouxLivio HeathPeter GeertsmaElsevierarticleAfrican swine feverBiosecuritySmall-scaleSocioeconomic factorsCullingInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 110, Iss , Pp S44-S49 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	African swine fever Biosecurity Small-scale Socioeconomic factors Culling Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	African swine fever Biosecurity Small-scale Socioeconomic factors Culling Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Shira Amar Liesl De Boni Alex de Voux Livio Heath Peter Geertsma An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020
description	Objectives: Since 2012, outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs have increased outside of South Africa’s ASF control zone. This study describes the epidemiological investigation and findings of an ASF outbreak in a small-scale pig unit in Gauteng Province and makes recommendations to prevent future outbreaks. Methods: PCR testing and molecular analysis were performed on pig tissue samples. Veterinary services conducted epidemiological investigations, forward and backward tracing, and surveillance. Farm management and biosecurity practices were assessed. Quarantine, culling, carcass disposal, and disinfection were implemented. Results: ASF virus genotype I was detected. A concurrent ASF outbreak in neighbouring Mpumalanga Province was identified as a possible source. Inadequate biosecurity measures probably facilitated viral transmission. Potential mechanisms for the introduction of the ASF virus include swill feeding practices, free roaming of pigs, scavenging, illegal slaughter, and trade of pig products within the community. Conclusions: Molecular typing of the ASF virus linked the outbreak to an ongoing ASF outbreak in Mpumalanga Province. Pig enterprises with poor biosecurity practices may face greater risk of ASF introduction. Small-scale pig keepers should be targeted for ASF awareness and education campaigns. Innovative and cost-effective biosecurity solutions are needed in this resource-poor setting.
format	article
author	Shira Amar Liesl De Boni Alex de Voux Livio Heath Peter Geertsma
author_facet	Shira Amar Liesl De Boni Alex de Voux Livio Heath Peter Geertsma
author_sort	Shira Amar
title	An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020
title_short	An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020
title_full	An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020
title_fullStr	An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020
title_full_unstemmed	An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020
title_sort	outbreak of african swine fever in small-scale pigs, gauteng, south africa, july 2020
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d17ba2a853474d438d0da9304ad8583d
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An outbreak of African swine fever in small-scale pigs, Gauteng, South Africa, July 2020

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