Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)

Abstract Assessment of the effects of chemical mixtures is a very important objective of the ecotoxicological risk assessment. This study was aimed at evaluating for the first time the effects of a mixture of glyphosate and its main breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on various biom...

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Autores principales:	Valerio Matozzo, Marco Munari, Luciano Masiero, Livio Finos, Maria Gabriella Marin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d1a30d798b3e4ea39ee025a827f2e4a5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d1a30d798b3e4ea39ee025a827f2e4a52021-12-02T15:09:13ZEcotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)10.1038/s41598-019-50607-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d1a30d798b3e4ea39ee025a827f2e4a52019-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50607-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Assessment of the effects of chemical mixtures is a very important objective of the ecotoxicological risk assessment. This study was aimed at evaluating for the first time the effects of a mixture of glyphosate and its main breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on various biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed for 7, 14 and 21 days to either 100 µg/L of glyphosate, 100 µg/L of AMPA or a mixture of both (100 + 100 µg/L). Various haemocyte parameters, such as total haemocyte counts, haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity and haemocyte lysate acid phosphatase activities were measured. In addition, the effects of exposure on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase were evaluated in gills and digestive gland from mussels. On the whole, this study demonstrated that the variables considered in the experimental plan, namely treatment, exposure time and their interaction, affect significantly biomarker responses in M. galloprovincialis. The effects of the mixture were comparable to those of the individual compounds, whereas their synergistic effects were occasionally observed, under the experimental conditions tested at least.Valerio MatozzoMarco MunariLuciano MasieroLivio FinosMaria Gabriella MarinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Valerio Matozzo Marco Munari Luciano Masiero Livio Finos Maria Gabriella Marin Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)
description	Abstract Assessment of the effects of chemical mixtures is a very important objective of the ecotoxicological risk assessment. This study was aimed at evaluating for the first time the effects of a mixture of glyphosate and its main breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on various biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed for 7, 14 and 21 days to either 100 µg/L of glyphosate, 100 µg/L of AMPA or a mixture of both (100 + 100 µg/L). Various haemocyte parameters, such as total haemocyte counts, haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity and haemocyte lysate acid phosphatase activities were measured. In addition, the effects of exposure on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase were evaluated in gills and digestive gland from mussels. On the whole, this study demonstrated that the variables considered in the experimental plan, namely treatment, exposure time and their interaction, affect significantly biomarker responses in M. galloprovincialis. The effects of the mixture were comparable to those of the individual compounds, whereas their synergistic effects were occasionally observed, under the experimental conditions tested at least.
format	article
author	Valerio Matozzo Marco Munari Luciano Masiero Livio Finos Maria Gabriella Marin
author_facet	Valerio Matozzo Marco Munari Luciano Masiero Livio Finos Maria Gabriella Marin
author_sort	Valerio Matozzo
title	Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)
title_short	Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)
title_full	Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)
title_fullStr	Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)
title_full_unstemmed	Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)
title_sort	ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis (lamarck 1819)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/d1a30d798b3e4ea39ee025a827f2e4a5
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Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819)

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