Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers

# Background Competitive swimmers are exposed to high training loads, which can contribute to the development of shoulder pain. There is a lack of research investigating the interactions between the accumulation of training loads and factors associated to shoulder pain in swimmers. # Purpose The...

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Autores principales:	Matias Yoma, Lee Herrington, Tanya Anne Mackenzie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	North American Sports Medicine Institute 2021
Materias:	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d1b1f7cc85a842e28fd5d5819a80829b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d1b1f7cc85a842e28fd5d5819a80829b2021-12-02T00:38:44ZCumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers2159-2896https://doaj.org/article/d1b1f7cc85a842e28fd5d5819a80829b2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ijspt.scholasticahq.com/article/29875-cumulative-effects-of-a-week-s-training-loads-on-shoulder-physical-qualities-and-wellness-in-competitive-swimmers.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2159-2896# Background Competitive swimmers are exposed to high training loads, which can contribute to the development of shoulder pain. There is a lack of research investigating the interactions between the accumulation of training loads and factors associated to shoulder pain in swimmers. # Purpose The primary objective was to analyze the changes in shoulder physical qualities and wellness factors over a week of training in competitive swimmers. A secondary objective was to compare the changes in these variables between different swim-training volumes performed during the week. # Design Cross-sectional. # Methods Thirty-one national and regional-level swimmers were included (18 females, 13 males; age= 15.5 ± 2.2 years). Active shoulder external rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM), shoulder-rotation isometric torque, and wellness factors using the Hooper questionnaire were measured twice over the week: a baseline measurement (before Monday´s training session) and a follow-up during the week. Participants were divided into a high-volume group (HVG) and low-volume group (LVG) based on the day follow-up was performed. HVL (n= 15) was tested at the end of the training week (after Saturday´s session) and LVG (n= 16) during the week (after Thursday or Friday´s session). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of the whole week was recorded after the follow-up session. # Results At follow-up, the LVG averaged a volume of 26.2 ± 2.2 km, whereas the HVG averaged a volume of 37.5 ± 3.7 km. LVG and HVG participants decreased active shoulder ER ROM on dominant (p= 0.002; p= 0.006) and nondominant sides (p= 0.001; p= 0.004), displayed increased muscular soreness (p= 0.001; p= 0.007) and worsened overall wellness (p< 0.001; p= 0.010). Fatigue (p= 0.008) and poor sleep quality were increased (p= 0.023) in HVG, but not in LVG. There were no changes in shoulder-rotation torque and stress in any group. Regarding between-groups differences, only weekly RPE was higher (p= 0.004) in HVG. # Conclusions The accumulation of training loads over the week negatively affect physical and wellness factors. Greater swim-volumes were associated with an increase perception of training loads. The regular monitoring of multiple factors to assess swimmers’ response to training might be necessary. # Level of evidence 3Matias YomaLee HerringtonTanya Anne MackenzieNorth American Sports Medicine InstitutearticleSports medicineRC1200-1245ENInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Vol 16, Iss 6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Sports medicine RC1200-1245 Matias Yoma Lee Herrington Tanya Anne Mackenzie Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers
description	# Background Competitive swimmers are exposed to high training loads, which can contribute to the development of shoulder pain. There is a lack of research investigating the interactions between the accumulation of training loads and factors associated to shoulder pain in swimmers. # Purpose The primary objective was to analyze the changes in shoulder physical qualities and wellness factors over a week of training in competitive swimmers. A secondary objective was to compare the changes in these variables between different swim-training volumes performed during the week. # Design Cross-sectional. # Methods Thirty-one national and regional-level swimmers were included (18 females, 13 males; age= 15.5 ± 2.2 years). Active shoulder external rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM), shoulder-rotation isometric torque, and wellness factors using the Hooper questionnaire were measured twice over the week: a baseline measurement (before Monday´s training session) and a follow-up during the week. Participants were divided into a high-volume group (HVG) and low-volume group (LVG) based on the day follow-up was performed. HVL (n= 15) was tested at the end of the training week (after Saturday´s session) and LVG (n= 16) during the week (after Thursday or Friday´s session). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of the whole week was recorded after the follow-up session. # Results At follow-up, the LVG averaged a volume of 26.2 ± 2.2 km, whereas the HVG averaged a volume of 37.5 ± 3.7 km. LVG and HVG participants decreased active shoulder ER ROM on dominant (p= 0.002; p= 0.006) and nondominant sides (p= 0.001; p= 0.004), displayed increased muscular soreness (p= 0.001; p= 0.007) and worsened overall wellness (p< 0.001; p= 0.010). Fatigue (p= 0.008) and poor sleep quality were increased (p= 0.023) in HVG, but not in LVG. There were no changes in shoulder-rotation torque and stress in any group. Regarding between-groups differences, only weekly RPE was higher (p= 0.004) in HVG. # Conclusions The accumulation of training loads over the week negatively affect physical and wellness factors. Greater swim-volumes were associated with an increase perception of training loads. The regular monitoring of multiple factors to assess swimmers’ response to training might be necessary. # Level of evidence 3
format	article
author	Matias Yoma Lee Herrington Tanya Anne Mackenzie
author_facet	Matias Yoma Lee Herrington Tanya Anne Mackenzie
author_sort	Matias Yoma
title	Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers
title_short	Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers
title_full	Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers
title_fullStr	Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers
title_full_unstemmed	Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers
title_sort	cumulative effects of a week’s training loads on shoulder physical qualities and wellness in competitive swimmers
publisher	North American Sports Medicine Institute
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d1b1f7cc85a842e28fd5d5819a80829b
work_keys_str_mv	AT matiasyoma cumulativeeffectsofaweekstrainingloadsonshoulderphysicalqualitiesandwellnessincompetitiveswimmers AT leeherrington cumulativeeffectsofaweekstrainingloadsonshoulderphysicalqualitiesandwellnessincompetitiveswimmers AT tanyaannemackenzie cumulativeeffectsofaweekstrainingloadsonshoulderphysicalqualitiesandwellnessincompetitiveswimmers
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Cumulative Effects of a Week’s Training Loads on Shoulder Physical Qualities and Wellness in Competitive Swimmers

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