Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia

Abstract Human zinc deficiency is a global public health problem. Many African soils are zinc deficient (ZnD), indicating fertilizers could increase crop yields and grain Zn levels, thereby increasing Zn in the food supply and alleviating human Zn deficiency. To analyze associations among soil Zn, h...

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Autores principales:	Hugo De Groote, Masresha Tessema, Samuel Gameda, Nilupa S. Gunaratna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d1b231d2c24c4450ac1b580b4a712adc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d1b231d2c24c4450ac1b580b4a712adc2021-12-02T17:32:56ZSoil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia10.1038/s41598-021-88304-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d1b231d2c24c4450ac1b580b4a712adc2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88304-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Human zinc deficiency is a global public health problem. Many African soils are zinc deficient (ZnD), indicating fertilizers could increase crop yields and grain Zn levels, thereby increasing Zn in the food supply and alleviating human Zn deficiency. To analyze associations among soil Zn, human Zn deficiency, and child nutritional status, we combined the Ethiopian soil Zn map and the Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS). ENMS provides representative, georeferenced data on child nutritional status using anthropometry of children under five years old (CU5) and on human Zn deficiency among CU5 and women of reproductive age (WRA) using the recommended biomarker, serum Zn. ZnD soils mostly occur in lower altitudes, which are less populated and outside the main crop-producing areas. Serum Zn deficiencies were high, and correlated to soil Zn for children, but not for WRA. About 4 million Ethiopian CU5 are ZnD, and, of these, about 1.5 million live on low-Zn soils (< 2.5 mg/kg), while 0.3 million live on ZnD soils (< 1.5 mg/kg). Therefore, if Zn fertilizers are only applied on ZnD soils, their impact on child Zn deficiency may be limited. Greater impact is possible if Zn fertilizers are applied to soils with sufficient Zn for plant growth and if this results in increased grain Zn. Optimal soil Zn levels for plant and human nutrition may be different, and context-specific optimal levels for the latter must be determined to develop nutrition-sensitive fertilizer policies and recommendations.Hugo De GrooteMasresha TessemaSamuel GamedaNilupa S. GunaratnaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hugo De Groote Masresha Tessema Samuel Gameda Nilupa S. Gunaratna Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia
description	Abstract Human zinc deficiency is a global public health problem. Many African soils are zinc deficient (ZnD), indicating fertilizers could increase crop yields and grain Zn levels, thereby increasing Zn in the food supply and alleviating human Zn deficiency. To analyze associations among soil Zn, human Zn deficiency, and child nutritional status, we combined the Ethiopian soil Zn map and the Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS). ENMS provides representative, georeferenced data on child nutritional status using anthropometry of children under five years old (CU5) and on human Zn deficiency among CU5 and women of reproductive age (WRA) using the recommended biomarker, serum Zn. ZnD soils mostly occur in lower altitudes, which are less populated and outside the main crop-producing areas. Serum Zn deficiencies were high, and correlated to soil Zn for children, but not for WRA. About 4 million Ethiopian CU5 are ZnD, and, of these, about 1.5 million live on low-Zn soils (< 2.5 mg/kg), while 0.3 million live on ZnD soils (< 1.5 mg/kg). Therefore, if Zn fertilizers are only applied on ZnD soils, their impact on child Zn deficiency may be limited. Greater impact is possible if Zn fertilizers are applied to soils with sufficient Zn for plant growth and if this results in increased grain Zn. Optimal soil Zn levels for plant and human nutrition may be different, and context-specific optimal levels for the latter must be determined to develop nutrition-sensitive fertilizer policies and recommendations.
format	article
author	Hugo De Groote Masresha Tessema Samuel Gameda Nilupa S. Gunaratna
author_facet	Hugo De Groote Masresha Tessema Samuel Gameda Nilupa S. Gunaratna
author_sort	Hugo De Groote
title	Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia
title_short	Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia
title_full	Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia
title_fullStr	Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed	Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia
title_sort	soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in ethiopia
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d1b231d2c24c4450ac1b580b4a712adc
work_keys_str_mv	AT hugodegroote soilzincserumzincandthepotentialforagronomicbiofortificationtoreducehumanzincdeficiencyinethiopia AT masreshatessema soilzincserumzincandthepotentialforagronomicbiofortificationtoreducehumanzincdeficiencyinethiopia AT samuelgameda soilzincserumzincandthepotentialforagronomicbiofortificationtoreducehumanzincdeficiencyinethiopia AT nilupasgunaratna soilzincserumzincandthepotentialforagronomicbiofortificationtoreducehumanzincdeficiencyinethiopia
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Soil zinc, serum zinc, and the potential for agronomic biofortification to reduce human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia

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