The Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity.
The magnitude and urgency of the biodiversity crisis is widely recognized within scientific and political organizations. However, a lack of integrated measures for biodiversity has greatly constrained the national and international response to the biodiversity crisis. Thus, integrated biodiversity i...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011
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oai:doaj.org-article:d1e837c54d3c4659b1d4d1ba3d52adc42021-11-18T06:55:22ZThe Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0018930https://doaj.org/article/d1e837c54d3c4659b1d4d1ba3d52adc42011-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21526118/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The magnitude and urgency of the biodiversity crisis is widely recognized within scientific and political organizations. However, a lack of integrated measures for biodiversity has greatly constrained the national and international response to the biodiversity crisis. Thus, integrated biodiversity indexes will greatly facilitate information transfer from science toward other areas of human society. The Nature Index framework samples scientific information on biodiversity from a variety of sources, synthesizes this information, and then transmits it in a simplified form to environmental managers, policymakers, and the public. The Nature Index optimizes information use by incorporating expert judgment, monitoring-based estimates, and model-based estimates. The index relies on a network of scientific experts, each of whom is responsible for one or more biodiversity indicators. The resulting set of indicators is supposed to represent the best available knowledge on the state of biodiversity and ecosystems in any given area. The value of each indicator is scaled relative to a reference state, i.e., a predicted value assessed by each expert for a hypothetical undisturbed or sustainably managed ecosystem. Scaled indicator values can be aggregated or disaggregated over different axes representing spatiotemporal dimensions or thematic groups. A range of scaling models can be applied to allow for different ways of interpreting the reference states, e.g., optimal situations or minimum sustainable levels. Statistical testing for differences in space or time can be implemented using Monte-Carlo simulations. This study presents the Nature Index framework and details its implementation in Norway. The results suggest that the framework is a functional, efficient, and pragmatic approach for gathering and synthesizing scientific knowledge on the state of biodiversity in any marine or terrestrial ecosystem and has general applicability worldwide.Grégoire CertainOlav SkarpaasJarle-Werner BjerkeErik FramstadMarkus LindholmJan-Erik NilsenAnn NorderhaugEivind OugHans-Christian PedersenAnn-Kristin SchartauGro I van der MeerenIulie AslaksenSteinar EngenPer-Arild GarnåsjordetPål KvaløyMagnar LillegårdNigel G YoccozSigne NybøPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e18930 (2011) |
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Medicine R Science Q Grégoire Certain Olav Skarpaas Jarle-Werner Bjerke Erik Framstad Markus Lindholm Jan-Erik Nilsen Ann Norderhaug Eivind Oug Hans-Christian Pedersen Ann-Kristin Schartau Gro I van der Meeren Iulie Aslaksen Steinar Engen Per-Arild Garnåsjordet Pål Kvaløy Magnar Lillegård Nigel G Yoccoz Signe Nybø The Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity. |
| description |
The magnitude and urgency of the biodiversity crisis is widely recognized within scientific and political organizations. However, a lack of integrated measures for biodiversity has greatly constrained the national and international response to the biodiversity crisis. Thus, integrated biodiversity indexes will greatly facilitate information transfer from science toward other areas of human society. The Nature Index framework samples scientific information on biodiversity from a variety of sources, synthesizes this information, and then transmits it in a simplified form to environmental managers, policymakers, and the public. The Nature Index optimizes information use by incorporating expert judgment, monitoring-based estimates, and model-based estimates. The index relies on a network of scientific experts, each of whom is responsible for one or more biodiversity indicators. The resulting set of indicators is supposed to represent the best available knowledge on the state of biodiversity and ecosystems in any given area. The value of each indicator is scaled relative to a reference state, i.e., a predicted value assessed by each expert for a hypothetical undisturbed or sustainably managed ecosystem. Scaled indicator values can be aggregated or disaggregated over different axes representing spatiotemporal dimensions or thematic groups. A range of scaling models can be applied to allow for different ways of interpreting the reference states, e.g., optimal situations or minimum sustainable levels. Statistical testing for differences in space or time can be implemented using Monte-Carlo simulations. This study presents the Nature Index framework and details its implementation in Norway. The results suggest that the framework is a functional, efficient, and pragmatic approach for gathering and synthesizing scientific knowledge on the state of biodiversity in any marine or terrestrial ecosystem and has general applicability worldwide. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Grégoire Certain Olav Skarpaas Jarle-Werner Bjerke Erik Framstad Markus Lindholm Jan-Erik Nilsen Ann Norderhaug Eivind Oug Hans-Christian Pedersen Ann-Kristin Schartau Gro I van der Meeren Iulie Aslaksen Steinar Engen Per-Arild Garnåsjordet Pål Kvaløy Magnar Lillegård Nigel G Yoccoz Signe Nybø |
| author_facet |
Grégoire Certain Olav Skarpaas Jarle-Werner Bjerke Erik Framstad Markus Lindholm Jan-Erik Nilsen Ann Norderhaug Eivind Oug Hans-Christian Pedersen Ann-Kristin Schartau Gro I van der Meeren Iulie Aslaksen Steinar Engen Per-Arild Garnåsjordet Pål Kvaløy Magnar Lillegård Nigel G Yoccoz Signe Nybø |
| author_sort |
Grégoire Certain |
| title |
The Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity. |
| title_short |
The Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity. |
| title_full |
The Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity. |
| title_fullStr |
The Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Nature Index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity. |
| title_sort |
nature index: a general framework for synthesizing knowledge on the state of biodiversity. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/d1e837c54d3c4659b1d4d1ba3d52adc4 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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