3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages

The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironmen...

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Autores principales:	Ola Habanjar, Mona Diab-Assaf, Florence Caldefie-Chezet, Laetitia Delort
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	three-dimensional (3D) culture model extracellular matrix hydrogel tissue engineering spheroids Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d1ef571b486a4d168c1a3fceec085fb0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d1ef571b486a4d168c1a3fceec085fb02021-11-25T17:54:15Z3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages10.3390/ijms2222122001422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/d1ef571b486a4d168c1a3fceec085fb02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12200https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironment due to the lack of cellular communication (cell-cell) and interaction (cell-cell and cell-matrix). To overcome these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are increasingly developed in research and have become essential for tumor research, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. 3D culture has received much attention in the field of biomedicine due to its ability to mimic tissue structure and function. The 3D matrix presents a highly dynamic framework where its components are deposited, degraded, or modified to delineate functions and provide a platform where cells attach to perform their specific functions, including adhesion, proliferation, communication, and apoptosis. So far, various types of models belong to this culture: either the culture based on natural or synthetic adherent matrices used to design 3D scaffolds as biomaterials to form a 3D matrix or based on non-adherent and/or matrix-free matrices to form the spheroids. In this review, we first summarize a comparison between 2D and 3D cultures. Then, we focus on the different components of the natural extracellular matrix that can be used as supports in 3D culture. Then we detail different types of natural supports such as matrigel, hydrogels, hard supports, and different synthetic strategies of 3D matrices such as lyophilization, electrospiding, stereolithography, microfluid by citing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Finally, we summarize the different methods of generating normal and tumor spheroids, citing their respective advantages and disadvantages in order to obtain an ideal 3D model (matrix) that retains the following characteristics: better biocompatibility, good mechanical properties corresponding to the tumor tissue, degradability, controllable microstructure and chemical components like the tumor tissue, favorable nutrient exchange and easy separation of the cells from the matrix.Ola HabanjarMona Diab-AssafFlorence Caldefie-ChezetLaetitia DelortMDPI AGarticlethree-dimensional (3D) culture modelextracellular matrixhydrogeltissue engineeringspheroidsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12200, p 12200 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	three-dimensional (3D) culture model extracellular matrix hydrogel tissue engineering spheroids Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	three-dimensional (3D) culture model extracellular matrix hydrogel tissue engineering spheroids Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Ola Habanjar Mona Diab-Assaf Florence Caldefie-Chezet Laetitia Delort 3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages
description	The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironment due to the lack of cellular communication (cell-cell) and interaction (cell-cell and cell-matrix). To overcome these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are increasingly developed in research and have become essential for tumor research, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. 3D culture has received much attention in the field of biomedicine due to its ability to mimic tissue structure and function. The 3D matrix presents a highly dynamic framework where its components are deposited, degraded, or modified to delineate functions and provide a platform where cells attach to perform their specific functions, including adhesion, proliferation, communication, and apoptosis. So far, various types of models belong to this culture: either the culture based on natural or synthetic adherent matrices used to design 3D scaffolds as biomaterials to form a 3D matrix or based on non-adherent and/or matrix-free matrices to form the spheroids. In this review, we first summarize a comparison between 2D and 3D cultures. Then, we focus on the different components of the natural extracellular matrix that can be used as supports in 3D culture. Then we detail different types of natural supports such as matrigel, hydrogels, hard supports, and different synthetic strategies of 3D matrices such as lyophilization, electrospiding, stereolithography, microfluid by citing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Finally, we summarize the different methods of generating normal and tumor spheroids, citing their respective advantages and disadvantages in order to obtain an ideal 3D model (matrix) that retains the following characteristics: better biocompatibility, good mechanical properties corresponding to the tumor tissue, degradability, controllable microstructure and chemical components like the tumor tissue, favorable nutrient exchange and easy separation of the cells from the matrix.
format	article
author	Ola Habanjar Mona Diab-Assaf Florence Caldefie-Chezet Laetitia Delort
author_facet	Ola Habanjar Mona Diab-Assaf Florence Caldefie-Chezet Laetitia Delort
author_sort	Ola Habanjar
title	3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages
title_short	3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages
title_full	3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages
title_fullStr	3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages
title_full_unstemmed	3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages
title_sort	3d cell culture systems: tumor application, advantages, and disadvantages
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d1ef571b486a4d168c1a3fceec085fb0
work_keys_str_mv	AT olahabanjar 3dcellculturesystemstumorapplicationadvantagesanddisadvantages AT monadiabassaf 3dcellculturesystemstumorapplicationadvantagesanddisadvantages AT florencecaldefiechezet 3dcellculturesystemstumorapplicationadvantagesanddisadvantages AT laetitiadelort 3dcellculturesystemstumorapplicationadvantagesanddisadvantages
_version_	1718411889261674496

3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages

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