Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.

Host movement and spatial structure can strongly influence the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases, with limited host movement potentially leading to high spatial heterogeneity in infection. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are best known for undertaking a spectacular long-distance mi...

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Autores principales:	Amanda A Pierce, Jacobus C de Roode, Sonia Altizer, Rebecca A Bartel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d22950b1d6d245ee9e1ce07d08d4d3cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d22950b1d6d245ee9e1ce07d08d4d3cb2021-11-18T08:15:39ZExtreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0100061https://doaj.org/article/d22950b1d6d245ee9e1ce07d08d4d3cb2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24926796/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Host movement and spatial structure can strongly influence the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases, with limited host movement potentially leading to high spatial heterogeneity in infection. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are best known for undertaking a spectacular long-distance migration in eastern North America; however, they also form non-migratory populations that breed year-round in milder climates such as Hawaii and other tropical locations. Prior work showed an inverse relationship between monarch migratory propensity and the prevalence of the protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha. Here, we sampled monarchs from replicate sites within each of four Hawaiian Islands to ask whether these populations show consistently high prevalence of the protozoan parasite as seen for monarchs from several other non-migratory populations. Counter to our predictions, we observed striking spatial heterogeneity in parasite prevalence, with infection rates per site ranging from 4-85%. We next used microsatellite markers to ask whether the observed variation in infection might be explained by limited host movement and spatial sub-structuring among sites. Our results showed that monarchs across the Hawaiian Islands form one admixed population, supporting high gene flow among sites. Moreover, measures of individual-level genetic diversity did not predict host infection status, as might be expected if more inbred hosts harbored higher parasite loads. These results suggest that other factors such as landscape-level environmental variation or colonization-extinction processes might instead cause the extreme heterogeneity in monarch butterfly infection observed here.Amanda A PierceJacobus C de RoodeSonia AltizerRebecca A BartelPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e100061 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Amanda A Pierce Jacobus C de Roode Sonia Altizer Rebecca A Bartel Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.
description	Host movement and spatial structure can strongly influence the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases, with limited host movement potentially leading to high spatial heterogeneity in infection. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are best known for undertaking a spectacular long-distance migration in eastern North America; however, they also form non-migratory populations that breed year-round in milder climates such as Hawaii and other tropical locations. Prior work showed an inverse relationship between monarch migratory propensity and the prevalence of the protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha. Here, we sampled monarchs from replicate sites within each of four Hawaiian Islands to ask whether these populations show consistently high prevalence of the protozoan parasite as seen for monarchs from several other non-migratory populations. Counter to our predictions, we observed striking spatial heterogeneity in parasite prevalence, with infection rates per site ranging from 4-85%. We next used microsatellite markers to ask whether the observed variation in infection might be explained by limited host movement and spatial sub-structuring among sites. Our results showed that monarchs across the Hawaiian Islands form one admixed population, supporting high gene flow among sites. Moreover, measures of individual-level genetic diversity did not predict host infection status, as might be expected if more inbred hosts harbored higher parasite loads. These results suggest that other factors such as landscape-level environmental variation or colonization-extinction processes might instead cause the extreme heterogeneity in monarch butterfly infection observed here.
format	article
author	Amanda A Pierce Jacobus C de Roode Sonia Altizer Rebecca A Bartel
author_facet	Amanda A Pierce Jacobus C de Roode Sonia Altizer Rebecca A Bartel
author_sort	Amanda A Pierce
title	Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.
title_short	Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.
title_full	Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.
title_fullStr	Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.
title_full_unstemmed	Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.
title_sort	extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the hawaiian islands.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/d22950b1d6d245ee9e1ce07d08d4d3cb
work_keys_str_mv	AT amandaapierce extremeheterogeneityinparasitismdespitelowpopulationgeneticstructureamongmonarchbutterfliesinhabitingthehawaiianislands AT jacobuscderoode extremeheterogeneityinparasitismdespitelowpopulationgeneticstructureamongmonarchbutterfliesinhabitingthehawaiianislands AT soniaaltizer extremeheterogeneityinparasitismdespitelowpopulationgeneticstructureamongmonarchbutterfliesinhabitingthehawaiianislands AT rebeccaabartel extremeheterogeneityinparasitismdespitelowpopulationgeneticstructureamongmonarchbutterfliesinhabitingthehawaiianislands
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Extreme heterogeneity in parasitism despite low population genetic structure among monarch butterflies inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands.

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