Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.

Aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) have multiple potential roles in plant metabolism such as regulation of organic acids in fruits, movement of guard cells and inducing tolerance against aluminum stress. However, the systematic characterization of <i>ALMT</i> genes in loquat...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Shariq Mahmood Alam, Raheel Anwar, Sajid Ali, Meng Shi, Dangdi Liang, Zhimin Lin, Faxing Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	gene duplication <i>ALMT</i> synteny malic acid conserved motif <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d264424810a247ab83aa109dcca4a4c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d264424810a247ab83aa109dcca4a4c02021-11-25T17:47:10ZGenome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.10.3390/horticulturae71104412311-7524https://doaj.org/article/d264424810a247ab83aa109dcca4a4c02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/11/441https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524Aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) have multiple potential roles in plant metabolism such as regulation of organic acids in fruits, movement of guard cells and inducing tolerance against aluminum stress. However, the systematic characterization of <i>ALMT</i> genes in loquat is yet to be performed. In the current study, 24 putative <i>ALMT</i> genes were identified in the genome of <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl. To further investigate the role of those <i>ALMT</i> genes, comprehensive bioinformatics and expression analysis were performed. In bioinformatics analysis, the physiochemical properties, conserved domains, gene structure, conserved motif, phylogenetic and syntenic analysis of <i>EjALMT</i> genes were conducted. The result revealed that the ALMT superfamily domain was conserved in all EjALMT proteins. EjALMT proteins were predicted to be localized in the plasma membrane. Genomic structural and motif analysis showed that the exon and motif number of each <i>EjALMT</i> gene ranged dramatically, from 5 to 7, and 6 to 10, respectively. Syntenic analysis indicated that the segmental or whole-genome duplication played a vital role in extension of the <i>EjALMT</i> gene family. The K<sub>a</sub> and K<sub>s</sub> values of duplicated genes depicted that <i>EjALMT</i> genes have undergone a strong purifying selection. Furthermore, the expression analysis of <i>EjALMT</i> genes was performed in the root, mature leaf, stem, full-bloom flower and ripened fruit of loquat. Some genes were expressed differentially in examined loquat tissues, signifying their differential role in plant growth and development. This study provides the first genome-wide identification, characterization, and relative expression of the <i>ALMT</i> gene family in loquat and provides the foundation for further functional analysis.Muhammad Moaaz AliShariq Mahmood AlamRaheel AnwarSajid AliMeng ShiDangdi LiangZhimin LinFaxing ChenMDPI AGarticlegene duplication<i>ALMT</i>syntenymalic acidconserved motif<i>cis</i>-regulatory elementsPlant cultureSB1-1110ENHorticulturae, Vol 7, Iss 441, p 441 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gene duplication <i>ALMT</i> synteny malic acid conserved motif <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	gene duplication <i>ALMT</i> synteny malic acid conserved motif <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements Plant culture SB1-1110 Muhammad Moaaz Ali Shariq Mahmood Alam Raheel Anwar Sajid Ali Meng Shi Dangdi Liang Zhimin Lin Faxing Chen Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.
description	Aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) have multiple potential roles in plant metabolism such as regulation of organic acids in fruits, movement of guard cells and inducing tolerance against aluminum stress. However, the systematic characterization of <i>ALMT</i> genes in loquat is yet to be performed. In the current study, 24 putative <i>ALMT</i> genes were identified in the genome of <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl. To further investigate the role of those <i>ALMT</i> genes, comprehensive bioinformatics and expression analysis were performed. In bioinformatics analysis, the physiochemical properties, conserved domains, gene structure, conserved motif, phylogenetic and syntenic analysis of <i>EjALMT</i> genes were conducted. The result revealed that the ALMT superfamily domain was conserved in all EjALMT proteins. EjALMT proteins were predicted to be localized in the plasma membrane. Genomic structural and motif analysis showed that the exon and motif number of each <i>EjALMT</i> gene ranged dramatically, from 5 to 7, and 6 to 10, respectively. Syntenic analysis indicated that the segmental or whole-genome duplication played a vital role in extension of the <i>EjALMT</i> gene family. The K<sub>a</sub> and K<sub>s</sub> values of duplicated genes depicted that <i>EjALMT</i> genes have undergone a strong purifying selection. Furthermore, the expression analysis of <i>EjALMT</i> genes was performed in the root, mature leaf, stem, full-bloom flower and ripened fruit of loquat. Some genes were expressed differentially in examined loquat tissues, signifying their differential role in plant growth and development. This study provides the first genome-wide identification, characterization, and relative expression of the <i>ALMT</i> gene family in loquat and provides the foundation for further functional analysis.
format	article
author	Muhammad Moaaz Ali Shariq Mahmood Alam Raheel Anwar Sajid Ali Meng Shi Dangdi Liang Zhimin Lin Faxing Chen
author_facet	Muhammad Moaaz Ali Shariq Mahmood Alam Raheel Anwar Sajid Ali Meng Shi Dangdi Liang Zhimin Lin Faxing Chen
author_sort	Muhammad Moaaz Ali
title	Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.
title_short	Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.
title_full	Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.
title_fullStr	Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.
title_full_unstemmed	Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.
title_sort	genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling of aluminum-activated malate transporters in <i>eriobotrya japonica</i> lindl.
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d264424810a247ab83aa109dcca4a4c0
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Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters in <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.

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