Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses

ABSTRACT Depending on the specific viral pathogen, commensal bacteria can promote or reduce the severity of viral infection and disease progression in their hosts. Influenza A virus (IAV) has a broad host range, comprises many subtypes, and utilizes different routes of transmission, including the fe...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Christopher Bandoro, Jonathan A. Runstadler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	bacteria environmental microbiology influenza lipopolysaccharide microbiome virology Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d26f25fab674490e806764d4fb8ccd22
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:d26f25fab674490e806764d4fb8ccd22
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d26f25fab674490e806764d4fb8ccd222021-11-15T15:22:05ZBacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses10.1128/mSphere.00267-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/d26f25fab674490e806764d4fb8ccd222017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00267-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Depending on the specific viral pathogen, commensal bacteria can promote or reduce the severity of viral infection and disease progression in their hosts. Influenza A virus (IAV) has a broad host range, comprises many subtypes, and utilizes different routes of transmission, including the fecal-oral route in wild birds. It has been previously demonstrated that commensal bacteria can interact with the host’s immune system to protect against IAV pathogenesis. However, it is unclear whether bacteria and their products may be interacting directly with IAV to impact virion stability. Herein we show that gastrointestinal (GI) tract bacterial isolates in an in vitro system significantly reduce the stability of IAV. Moreover, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found on the exterior surfaces of bacteria, was sufficient to significantly decrease the stability of both human and avian viral strains in a temperature-dependent manner, including at the relevant temperatures of their respective hosts and the external aquatic habitat. The subtype and host origin of the viruses were shown to affect the extent to which IAV was susceptible to LPS. Furthermore, using a receptor binding assay and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that LPS binds to and alters the morphology of influenza virions, suggesting that direct interaction with the viral surface contributes to the observed antiviral effect of LPS on influenza. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV), transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route in wild birds, encounters high concentrations of bacteria and their products. Understanding the extent to which bacteria affect the infectivity of IAV will lead to a broader understanding of viral ecology in reservoir hosts and may lead to insights for the development of therapeutics in respiratory infection. Herein we show that bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interact with and destabilize influenza virions. Moreover, we show that LPS reduces the long-term persistence and freeze-thaw stability of IAV, which is important information for modeling the movement and emergence of novel strains from animal hosts. Our results, demonstrating that the subtype and host origin of a virus also influence its susceptibility to LPS, raise key questions about the fitness of viruses in reservoir hosts, their potential to transmit to humans, and the importance of bacterial-viral interactions in viral ecology.Christopher BandoroJonathan A. RunstadlerAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebacteriaenvironmental microbiologyinfluenzalipopolysaccharidemicrobiomevirologyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 5 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bacteria environmental microbiology influenza lipopolysaccharide microbiome virology Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bacteria environmental microbiology influenza lipopolysaccharide microbiome virology Microbiology QR1-502 Christopher Bandoro Jonathan A. Runstadler Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses
description	ABSTRACT Depending on the specific viral pathogen, commensal bacteria can promote or reduce the severity of viral infection and disease progression in their hosts. Influenza A virus (IAV) has a broad host range, comprises many subtypes, and utilizes different routes of transmission, including the fecal-oral route in wild birds. It has been previously demonstrated that commensal bacteria can interact with the host’s immune system to protect against IAV pathogenesis. However, it is unclear whether bacteria and their products may be interacting directly with IAV to impact virion stability. Herein we show that gastrointestinal (GI) tract bacterial isolates in an in vitro system significantly reduce the stability of IAV. Moreover, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found on the exterior surfaces of bacteria, was sufficient to significantly decrease the stability of both human and avian viral strains in a temperature-dependent manner, including at the relevant temperatures of their respective hosts and the external aquatic habitat. The subtype and host origin of the viruses were shown to affect the extent to which IAV was susceptible to LPS. Furthermore, using a receptor binding assay and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that LPS binds to and alters the morphology of influenza virions, suggesting that direct interaction with the viral surface contributes to the observed antiviral effect of LPS on influenza. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV), transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route in wild birds, encounters high concentrations of bacteria and their products. Understanding the extent to which bacteria affect the infectivity of IAV will lead to a broader understanding of viral ecology in reservoir hosts and may lead to insights for the development of therapeutics in respiratory infection. Herein we show that bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interact with and destabilize influenza virions. Moreover, we show that LPS reduces the long-term persistence and freeze-thaw stability of IAV, which is important information for modeling the movement and emergence of novel strains from animal hosts. Our results, demonstrating that the subtype and host origin of a virus also influence its susceptibility to LPS, raise key questions about the fitness of viruses in reservoir hosts, their potential to transmit to humans, and the importance of bacterial-viral interactions in viral ecology.
format	article
author	Christopher Bandoro Jonathan A. Runstadler
author_facet	Christopher Bandoro Jonathan A. Runstadler
author_sort	Christopher Bandoro
title	Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses
title_short	Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses
title_full	Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses
title_fullStr	Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses
title_full_unstemmed	Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses
title_sort	bacterial lipopolysaccharide destabilizes influenza viruses
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/d26f25fab674490e806764d4fb8ccd22
work_keys_str_mv	AT christopherbandoro bacteriallipopolysaccharidedestabilizesinfluenzaviruses AT jonathanarunstadler bacteriallipopolysaccharidedestabilizesinfluenzaviruses
_version_	1718428098181988352

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses

Ejemplares similares