Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress

Airborne particulate matter with a size of 10 μm or less (PM<sub>10</sub>) can cause oxidative damages and inflammatory reactions in the skin. This study was conducted to discover natural products that are potentially useful in protecting the skin from PM<sub>10</sub>. Among...

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Autores principales:	Jae Won Ha, Yong Chool Boo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Siegesbeckiae Herba <i>Siegesbeckia pubescens</i> Makino airborne particulate matter PM<sub>10</sub> glutamate-cysteine ligase nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d276a15c369f47d79adaf1939c906418
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d276a15c369f47d79adaf1939c9064182021-11-25T16:27:57ZSiegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress10.3390/antiox101117622076-3921https://doaj.org/article/d276a15c369f47d79adaf1939c9064182021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1762https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Airborne particulate matter with a size of 10 μm or less (PM<sub>10</sub>) can cause oxidative damages and inflammatory reactions in the skin. This study was conducted to discover natural products that are potentially useful in protecting the skin from PM<sub>10</sub>. Among the hot water extracts of a total of 23 medicinal plants, Siegesbeckiae Herba extract (SHE), which showed the strongest protective effect against PM<sub>10</sub> cytotoxicity, was selected, and its mechanism of action and active constituents were explored. SHE ameliorated PM<sub>10</sub>-induced cell death, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT cells. SHE decreased the expression of KEAP1, a negative regulator of NRF2, and increased the expression of NRF2 target genes, such as HMOX1 and NQO1. SHE selectively induced the enzymes involved in the synthesis of GSH (GCL-c and GCL-m), the regeneration of GSH (GSR and G6PDH), and GSH conjugation of xenobiotics (GSTκ1), rather than the enzymes that directly scavenge ROS (SOD1, CAT, and GPX1). SHE increased the cellular content of GSH and mitigated the oxidation of GSH to GSSG caused by PM<sub>10</sub> exposure. Of the solvent fractions of SHE, the n-butyl alcohol (BA) fraction ameliorated cell death in both the absence and presence of PM<sub>10</sub>. The BA fraction contained a high amount of chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid reduced PM<sub>10</sub>-induced cell death, LDH release, and ROS production. This study suggests that SHE protects cells from PM<sub>10</sub> toxicity by increasing the cellular antioxidant capacity and that chlorogenic acid may be an active phytochemical of SHE.Jae Won HaYong Chool BooMDPI AGarticleSiegesbeckiae Herba<i>Siegesbeckia pubescens</i> Makinoairborne particulate matterPM<sub>10</sub>glutamate-cysteine ligasenuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2Therapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1762, p 1762 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Siegesbeckiae Herba <i>Siegesbeckia pubescens</i> Makino airborne particulate matter PM<sub>10</sub> glutamate-cysteine ligase nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	Siegesbeckiae Herba <i>Siegesbeckia pubescens</i> Makino airborne particulate matter PM<sub>10</sub> glutamate-cysteine ligase nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Jae Won Ha Yong Chool Boo Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress
description	Airborne particulate matter with a size of 10 μm or less (PM<sub>10</sub>) can cause oxidative damages and inflammatory reactions in the skin. This study was conducted to discover natural products that are potentially useful in protecting the skin from PM<sub>10</sub>. Among the hot water extracts of a total of 23 medicinal plants, Siegesbeckiae Herba extract (SHE), which showed the strongest protective effect against PM<sub>10</sub> cytotoxicity, was selected, and its mechanism of action and active constituents were explored. SHE ameliorated PM<sub>10</sub>-induced cell death, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT cells. SHE decreased the expression of KEAP1, a negative regulator of NRF2, and increased the expression of NRF2 target genes, such as HMOX1 and NQO1. SHE selectively induced the enzymes involved in the synthesis of GSH (GCL-c and GCL-m), the regeneration of GSH (GSR and G6PDH), and GSH conjugation of xenobiotics (GSTκ1), rather than the enzymes that directly scavenge ROS (SOD1, CAT, and GPX1). SHE increased the cellular content of GSH and mitigated the oxidation of GSH to GSSG caused by PM<sub>10</sub> exposure. Of the solvent fractions of SHE, the n-butyl alcohol (BA) fraction ameliorated cell death in both the absence and presence of PM<sub>10</sub>. The BA fraction contained a high amount of chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid reduced PM<sub>10</sub>-induced cell death, LDH release, and ROS production. This study suggests that SHE protects cells from PM<sub>10</sub> toxicity by increasing the cellular antioxidant capacity and that chlorogenic acid may be an active phytochemical of SHE.
format	article
author	Jae Won Ha Yong Chool Boo
author_facet	Jae Won Ha Yong Chool Boo
author_sort	Jae Won Ha
title	Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress
title_short	Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress
title_full	Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress
title_fullStr	Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress
title_sort	siegesbeckiae herba extract and chlorogenic acid ameliorate the death of hacat keratinocytes exposed to airborne particulate matter by mitigating oxidative stress
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d276a15c369f47d79adaf1939c906418
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Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress

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