Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs

Background: Testing of possibly infected individuals remains cornerstone of containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Detection dogs could contribute to mass screening. Previous research demonstrated canines' ability to detect SARS-CoV-2-infections but has not investigated if dogs can differentiate...

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Autores principales:	Nele Alexandra ten Hagen, Friederike Twele, Sebastian Meller, Paula Jendrny, Claudia Schulz, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede, Ab Osterhaus, Hans Ebbers, Isabell Pink, Tobias Welte, Michael Peter Manns, Thomas Illig, Anahita Fathi, Marylyn Martina Addo, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Puyskens, Janine Michel, Eva Krause, Rosina Ehmann, Albrecht von Brunn, Christiane Ernst, Katrin Zwirglmaier, Roman Wölfel, Alexandra Nau, Eva Philipp, Michael Engels, Esther Schalke, Holger Andreas Volk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	canine volatile organic compound (VOC) COVID-19 screening test coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d29ef6ecffdd4eefaba7e89d9babf710
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d29ef6ecffdd4eefaba7e89d9babf7102021-11-18T07:06:42ZDiscrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs2296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.749588https://doaj.org/article/d29ef6ecffdd4eefaba7e89d9babf7102021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.749588/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XBackground: Testing of possibly infected individuals remains cornerstone of containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Detection dogs could contribute to mass screening. Previous research demonstrated canines' ability to detect SARS-CoV-2-infections but has not investigated if dogs can differentiate between COVID-19 and other virus infections.Methods: Twelve dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Three test scenarios were performed to evaluate their ability to discriminate SARS-CoV-2-infections from viral infections of a different aetiology. Naso- and oropharyngeal swab samples from individuals and samples from cell culture both infected with one of 15 viruses that may cause COVID-19-like symptoms were presented as distractors in a randomised, double-blind study. Dogs were either trained with SARS-CoV-2 positive saliva samples (test scenario I and II) or with supernatant from cell cultures (test scenario III).Results: When using swab samples from individuals infected with viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 as distractors (test scenario I), dogs detected swab samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with a mean diagnostic sensitivity of 73.8% (95% CI: 66.0–81.7%) and a specificity of 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6–97.7%). In test scenario II and III cell culture supernatant from cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, cells infected with other coronaviruses and non-infected cells were presented. Dogs achieved mean diagnostic sensitivities of 61.2% (95% CI: 50.7–71.6%, test scenario II) and 75.8% (95% CI: 53.0–98.5%, test scenario III), respectively. The diagnostic specificities were 90.9% (95% CI: 87.3–94.6%, test scenario II) and 90.2% (95% CI: 81.1–99.4%, test scenario III), respectively.Conclusion: In all three test scenarios the mean specificities were above 90% which indicates that dogs can distinguish SARS-CoV-2-infections from other viral infections. However, compared to earlier studies our scent dogs achieved lower diagnostic sensitivities. To deploy COVID-19 detection dogs as a reliable screening method it is therefore mandatory to include a variety of samples from different viral respiratory tract infections in dog training to ensure a successful discrimination process.Nele Alexandra ten HagenFriederike TweleSebastian MellerPaula JendrnyClaudia SchulzMaren von Köckritz-BlickwedeMaren von Köckritz-BlickwedeAb OsterhausHans EbbersIsabell PinkTobias WelteMichael Peter MannsThomas IlligAnahita FathiAnahita FathiAnahita FathiMarylyn Martina AddoMarylyn Martina AddoMarylyn Martina AddoAndreas NitscheAndreas PuyskensJanine MichelEva KrauseRosina EhmannAlbrecht von BrunnAlbrecht von BrunnChristiane ErnstKatrin ZwirglmaierRoman WölfelAlexandra NauEva PhilippMichael EngelsEsther SchalkeHolger Andreas VolkFrontiers Media S.A.articlecaninevolatile organic compound (VOC)COVID-19screening testcoronavirusSARS-CoV-2Medicine (General)R5-920ENFrontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	canine volatile organic compound (VOC) COVID-19 screening test coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	canine volatile organic compound (VOC) COVID-19 screening test coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Medicine (General) R5-920 Nele Alexandra ten Hagen Friederike Twele Sebastian Meller Paula Jendrny Claudia Schulz Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede Ab Osterhaus Hans Ebbers Isabell Pink Tobias Welte Michael Peter Manns Thomas Illig Anahita Fathi Anahita Fathi Anahita Fathi Marylyn Martina Addo Marylyn Martina Addo Marylyn Martina Addo Andreas Nitsche Andreas Puyskens Janine Michel Eva Krause Rosina Ehmann Albrecht von Brunn Albrecht von Brunn Christiane Ernst Katrin Zwirglmaier Roman Wölfel Alexandra Nau Eva Philipp Michael Engels Esther Schalke Holger Andreas Volk Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs
description	Background: Testing of possibly infected individuals remains cornerstone of containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Detection dogs could contribute to mass screening. Previous research demonstrated canines' ability to detect SARS-CoV-2-infections but has not investigated if dogs can differentiate between COVID-19 and other virus infections.Methods: Twelve dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Three test scenarios were performed to evaluate their ability to discriminate SARS-CoV-2-infections from viral infections of a different aetiology. Naso- and oropharyngeal swab samples from individuals and samples from cell culture both infected with one of 15 viruses that may cause COVID-19-like symptoms were presented as distractors in a randomised, double-blind study. Dogs were either trained with SARS-CoV-2 positive saliva samples (test scenario I and II) or with supernatant from cell cultures (test scenario III).Results: When using swab samples from individuals infected with viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 as distractors (test scenario I), dogs detected swab samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with a mean diagnostic sensitivity of 73.8% (95% CI: 66.0–81.7%) and a specificity of 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6–97.7%). In test scenario II and III cell culture supernatant from cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, cells infected with other coronaviruses and non-infected cells were presented. Dogs achieved mean diagnostic sensitivities of 61.2% (95% CI: 50.7–71.6%, test scenario II) and 75.8% (95% CI: 53.0–98.5%, test scenario III), respectively. The diagnostic specificities were 90.9% (95% CI: 87.3–94.6%, test scenario II) and 90.2% (95% CI: 81.1–99.4%, test scenario III), respectively.Conclusion: In all three test scenarios the mean specificities were above 90% which indicates that dogs can distinguish SARS-CoV-2-infections from other viral infections. However, compared to earlier studies our scent dogs achieved lower diagnostic sensitivities. To deploy COVID-19 detection dogs as a reliable screening method it is therefore mandatory to include a variety of samples from different viral respiratory tract infections in dog training to ensure a successful discrimination process.
format	article
author	Nele Alexandra ten Hagen Friederike Twele Sebastian Meller Paula Jendrny Claudia Schulz Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede Ab Osterhaus Hans Ebbers Isabell Pink Tobias Welte Michael Peter Manns Thomas Illig Anahita Fathi Anahita Fathi Anahita Fathi Marylyn Martina Addo Marylyn Martina Addo Marylyn Martina Addo Andreas Nitsche Andreas Puyskens Janine Michel Eva Krause Rosina Ehmann Albrecht von Brunn Albrecht von Brunn Christiane Ernst Katrin Zwirglmaier Roman Wölfel Alexandra Nau Eva Philipp Michael Engels Esther Schalke Holger Andreas Volk
author_facet	Nele Alexandra ten Hagen Friederike Twele Sebastian Meller Paula Jendrny Claudia Schulz Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede Ab Osterhaus Hans Ebbers Isabell Pink Tobias Welte Michael Peter Manns Thomas Illig Anahita Fathi Anahita Fathi Anahita Fathi Marylyn Martina Addo Marylyn Martina Addo Marylyn Martina Addo Andreas Nitsche Andreas Puyskens Janine Michel Eva Krause Rosina Ehmann Albrecht von Brunn Albrecht von Brunn Christiane Ernst Katrin Zwirglmaier Roman Wölfel Alexandra Nau Eva Philipp Michael Engels Esther Schalke Holger Andreas Volk
author_sort	Nele Alexandra ten Hagen
title	Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs
title_short	Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs
title_full	Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs
title_fullStr	Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs
title_full_unstemmed	Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs
title_sort	discrimination of sars-cov-2 infections from other viral respiratory infections by scent detection dogs
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d29ef6ecffdd4eefaba7e89d9babf710
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Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Infections From Other Viral Respiratory Infections by Scent Detection Dogs

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