A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019

To track progress towards keeping global warming well below 2 ∘C or even 1.5 ∘C, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, comprehensive...

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Autores principales:	J. C. Minx, W. F. Lamb, R. M. Andrew, J. G. Canadell, M. Crippa, N. Döbbeling, P. M. Forster, D. Guizzardi, J. Olivier, G. P. Peters, J. Pongratz, A. Reisinger, M. Rigby, M. Saunois, S. J. Smith, E. Solazzo, H. Tian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d2bd2597a89e4e00bbc500ef4fe47acb
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:d2bd2597a89e4e00bbc500ef4fe47acb
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 J. C. Minx J. C. Minx W. F. Lamb W. F. Lamb R. M. Andrew J. G. Canadell M. Crippa N. Döbbeling P. M. Forster D. Guizzardi J. Olivier G. P. Peters J. Pongratz J. Pongratz A. Reisinger M. Rigby M. Saunois S. J. Smith E. Solazzo H. Tian A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
description	<p>To track progress towards keeping global warming well below 2 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C or even 1.5 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, comprehensive up-to-date and reliable information on anthropogenic emissions and removals of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is required. Here we compile a new synthetic dataset on anthropogenic GHG emissions for 1970–2018 with a fast-track extension to 2019. Our dataset is global in coverage and includes CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions, CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> emissions, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions, as well as those from fluorinated gases (F-gases: HFCs, PFCs, SF<span class="inline-formula"><sub>6</sub></span>, NF<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) and provides country and sector details. We build this dataset from the version 6 release of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v6) and three bookkeeping models for CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). We assess the uncertainties of global greenhouse gases at the 90 % confidence interval (5th–95th percentile range) by combining statistical analysis and comparisons of global emissions inventories and top-down atmospheric measurements with an expert judgement informed by the relevant scientific literature. We identify important data gaps for F-gas emissions. The agreement between our bottom-up inventory estimates and top-down atmospheric-based emissions estimates is relatively close for some F-gas species (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 10 % or less), but estimates can differ by an order of magnitude or more for others.<span id="page5214"/> Our aggregated F-gas estimate is about 10 % lower than top-down estimates in recent years. However, emissions from excluded F-gas species such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are cumulatively larger than the sum of the reported species. Using global warming potential values with a 100-year time horizon from the Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global GHG emissions in 2018 amounted to 58 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6.1 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> consisting of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> from fossil fuel combustion and industry (FFI) 38 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 3.0 GtCO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>-LULUCF 5.7 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 4.0 GtCO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> 10 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 3.1 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span>, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O 2.6 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.6 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span>, and F-gases 1.3 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.40 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> Initial estimates suggest further growth of 1.3 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> in GHG emissions to reach 59 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6.6 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> by 2019. Our analysis of global trends in anthropogenic GHG emissions over the past 5 decades (1970–2018) highlights a pattern of varied but sustained emissions growth. There is high confidence that global anthropogenic GHG emissions have increased every decade, and emissions growth has been persistent across the different (groups of) gases. There is also high confidence that global anthropogenic GHG emissions levels were higher in 2009–2018 than in any previous decade and that GHG emissions levels grew throughout the most recent decade. While the average annual GHG emissions growth rate slowed between 2009 and 2018 (1.2 % yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>) compared to 2000–2009 (2.4 % yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>), the absolute increase in average annual GHG emissions by decade was never larger than between 2000–2009 and 2009–2018. Our analysis further reveals that there are no global sectors that show sustained reductions in GHG emissions. There are a number of countries that have reduced GHG emissions over the past decade, but these reductions are comparatively modest and outgrown by much larger emissions growth in some developing countries such as China, India, and Indonesia. There is a need to further develop independent, robust, and timely emissions estimates across all gases. As such, tracking progress in climate policy requires substantial investments in independent GHG emissions accounting and monitoring as well as in national and international statistical infrastructures. The data associated with this article (Minx et al., 2021) can be found at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566761">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566761</a>.</p>
format	article
author	J. C. Minx J. C. Minx W. F. Lamb W. F. Lamb R. M. Andrew J. G. Canadell M. Crippa N. Döbbeling P. M. Forster D. Guizzardi J. Olivier G. P. Peters J. Pongratz J. Pongratz A. Reisinger M. Rigby M. Saunois S. J. Smith E. Solazzo H. Tian
author_facet	J. C. Minx J. C. Minx W. F. Lamb W. F. Lamb R. M. Andrew J. G. Canadell M. Crippa N. Döbbeling P. M. Forster D. Guizzardi J. Olivier G. P. Peters J. Pongratz J. Pongratz A. Reisinger M. Rigby M. Saunois S. J. Smith E. Solazzo H. Tian
author_sort	J. C. Minx
title	A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
title_short	A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
title_full	A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
title_fullStr	A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
title_full_unstemmed	A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
title_sort	comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d2bd2597a89e4e00bbc500ef4fe47acb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d2bd2597a89e4e00bbc500ef4fe47acb2021-11-10T07:58:13ZA comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 201910.5194/essd-13-5213-20211866-35081866-3516https://doaj.org/article/d2bd2597a89e4e00bbc500ef4fe47acb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/5213/2021/essd-13-5213-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1866-3508https://doaj.org/toc/1866-3516<p>To track progress towards keeping global warming well below 2 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C or even 1.5 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, comprehensive up-to-date and reliable information on anthropogenic emissions and removals of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is required. Here we compile a new synthetic dataset on anthropogenic GHG emissions for 1970–2018 with a fast-track extension to 2019. Our dataset is global in coverage and includes CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions, CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> emissions, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O emissions, as well as those from fluorinated gases (F-gases: HFCs, PFCs, SF<span class="inline-formula"><sub>6</sub></span>, NF<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) and provides country and sector details. We build this dataset from the version 6 release of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v6) and three bookkeeping models for CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). We assess the uncertainties of global greenhouse gases at the 90 % confidence interval (5th–95th percentile range) by combining statistical analysis and comparisons of global emissions inventories and top-down atmospheric measurements with an expert judgement informed by the relevant scientific literature. We identify important data gaps for F-gas emissions. The agreement between our bottom-up inventory estimates and top-down atmospheric-based emissions estimates is relatively close for some F-gas species (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 10 % or less), but estimates can differ by an order of magnitude or more for others.<span id="page5214"/> Our aggregated F-gas estimate is about 10 % lower than top-down estimates in recent years. However, emissions from excluded F-gas species such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are cumulatively larger than the sum of the reported species. Using global warming potential values with a 100-year time horizon from the Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global GHG emissions in 2018 amounted to 58 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6.1 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> consisting of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> from fossil fuel combustion and industry (FFI) 38 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 3.0 GtCO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>-LULUCF 5.7 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 4.0 GtCO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> 10 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 3.1 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span>, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O 2.6 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1.6 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span>, and F-gases 1.3 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.40 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> Initial estimates suggest further growth of 1.3 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> in GHG emissions to reach 59 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6.6 Gt<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</span> by 2019. Our analysis of global trends in anthropogenic GHG emissions over the past 5 decades (1970–2018) highlights a pattern of varied but sustained emissions growth. There is high confidence that global anthropogenic GHG emissions have increased every decade, and emissions growth has been persistent across the different (groups of) gases. There is also high confidence that global anthropogenic GHG emissions levels were higher in 2009–2018 than in any previous decade and that GHG emissions levels grew throughout the most recent decade. While the average annual GHG emissions growth rate slowed between 2009 and 2018 (1.2 % yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>) compared to 2000–2009 (2.4 % yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>), the absolute increase in average annual GHG emissions by decade was never larger than between 2000–2009 and 2009–2018. Our analysis further reveals that there are no global sectors that show sustained reductions in GHG emissions. There are a number of countries that have reduced GHG emissions over the past decade, but these reductions are comparatively modest and outgrown by much larger emissions growth in some developing countries such as China, India, and Indonesia. There is a need to further develop independent, robust, and timely emissions estimates across all gases. As such, tracking progress in climate policy requires substantial investments in independent GHG emissions accounting and monitoring as well as in national and international statistical infrastructures. The data associated with this article (Minx et al., 2021) can be found at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566761">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5566761</a>.</p>J. C. MinxJ. C. MinxW. F. LambW. F. LambR. M. AndrewJ. G. CanadellM. CrippaN. DöbbelingP. M. ForsterD. GuizzardiJ. OlivierG. P. PetersJ. PongratzJ. PongratzA. ReisingerM. RigbyM. SaunoisS. J. SmithE. SolazzoH. TianCopernicus PublicationsarticleEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350GeologyQE1-996.5ENEarth System Science Data, Vol 13, Pp 5213-5252 (2021)

A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019

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