A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan

Seismic instrumentation for earthquake early warnings (EEWs) has improved significantly in the last few years, considering the station coverage, data quality, and the related applications. The official EEW system in Taiwan is operated by the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) and is responsible for issuin...

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Autores principales: Yih-Min Wu, Himanshu Mittal
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:d2beb7217c8d4887afef1fe6811d904c2021-11-25T18:58:13ZA Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan10.3390/s212276491424-8220https://doaj.org/article/d2beb7217c8d4887afef1fe6811d904c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7649https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Seismic instrumentation for earthquake early warnings (EEWs) has improved significantly in the last few years, considering the station coverage, data quality, and the related applications. The official EEW system in Taiwan is operated by the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) and is responsible for issuing the regional warning for moderate-to-large earthquakes occurring in and around Taiwan. The low-cost micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based P-Alert EEW system is operational in Taiwan for on-site warnings and for producing shakemaps. Since 2010, this P-Alert system, installed by the National Taiwan University (NTU), has shown its importance during various earthquakes that caused damage in Taiwan. Although the system is capable of acting as a regional as well as an on-site warning system, it is particularly useful for on-site warning. Using real-time seismic signals, each P-Alert system can provide a 2–8 s-long warning time for the locations situated in the blind zone of the CWB regional warning system. The shakemaps plotted using this instrumentation help to assess the damage pattern and rupture directivity, a key feature in the risk mitigation process. These shakemaps are delivered to the intended users, including the disaster mitigation authorities, for possible relief purposes. Earlier, the network provided only peak ground acceleration (PGA) shakemaps, but has now been updated to include peak ground velocity (PGV), spectral acceleration (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) at different periods, and CWB intensity maps. The PGA and PGV shakemaps plotted using this network have proven helpful in establishing the fact that PGV is a better indicator of damage detection than PGA. This instrumentation is also useful in structural health-monitoring and estimating co-seismic deformations. Encouraged by the performance of the P-Alert network, more instruments are installed in Asia-Pacific countries.Yih-Min WuHimanshu MittalMDPI AGarticleP-Alertearthquake early warningMEMSshakemapsChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7649, p 7649 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic P-Alert
earthquake early warning
MEMS
shakemaps
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
spellingShingle P-Alert
earthquake early warning
MEMS
shakemaps
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Yih-Min Wu
Himanshu Mittal
A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan
description Seismic instrumentation for earthquake early warnings (EEWs) has improved significantly in the last few years, considering the station coverage, data quality, and the related applications. The official EEW system in Taiwan is operated by the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) and is responsible for issuing the regional warning for moderate-to-large earthquakes occurring in and around Taiwan. The low-cost micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based P-Alert EEW system is operational in Taiwan for on-site warnings and for producing shakemaps. Since 2010, this P-Alert system, installed by the National Taiwan University (NTU), has shown its importance during various earthquakes that caused damage in Taiwan. Although the system is capable of acting as a regional as well as an on-site warning system, it is particularly useful for on-site warning. Using real-time seismic signals, each P-Alert system can provide a 2–8 s-long warning time for the locations situated in the blind zone of the CWB regional warning system. The shakemaps plotted using this instrumentation help to assess the damage pattern and rupture directivity, a key feature in the risk mitigation process. These shakemaps are delivered to the intended users, including the disaster mitigation authorities, for possible relief purposes. Earlier, the network provided only peak ground acceleration (PGA) shakemaps, but has now been updated to include peak ground velocity (PGV), spectral acceleration (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) at different periods, and CWB intensity maps. The PGA and PGV shakemaps plotted using this network have proven helpful in establishing the fact that PGV is a better indicator of damage detection than PGA. This instrumentation is also useful in structural health-monitoring and estimating co-seismic deformations. Encouraged by the performance of the P-Alert network, more instruments are installed in Asia-Pacific countries.
format article
author Yih-Min Wu
Himanshu Mittal
author_facet Yih-Min Wu
Himanshu Mittal
author_sort Yih-Min Wu
title A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan
title_short A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan
title_full A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan
title_fullStr A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan
title_sort review on the development of earthquake warning system using low-cost sensors in taiwan
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/d2beb7217c8d4887afef1fe6811d904c
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