Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in cardiovascular homeostasis and its abnormal delivery is highly associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The assessment and manipulation of NO delivery is crucial to the diagnosis and therapy of CVD, such as endothelial dys...

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Autores principales:	Tianxiang Ma, Zhexi Zhang, Yu Chen, Haoran Su, Xiaoyan Deng, Xiao Liu, Yubo Fan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nitric oxide delivery computational modeling flow-mediated dilation NO release platform inhaled NO therapy stem cell therapy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d2c6afe4f2734a579c3cb8c8696edcc0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d2c6afe4f2734a579c3cb8c8696edcc02021-11-25T17:53:59ZDelivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy10.3390/ijms2222121661422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/d2c6afe4f2734a579c3cb8c8696edcc02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12166https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in cardiovascular homeostasis and its abnormal delivery is highly associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The assessment and manipulation of NO delivery is crucial to the diagnosis and therapy of CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic progression, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiovascular manifestations of coronavirus (COVID-19). However, due to the low concentration and fast reaction characteristics of NO in the cardiovascular system, clinical applications centered on NO delivery are challenging. In this tutorial review, we first summarized the methods to estimate the in vivo NO delivery process, based on computational modeling and flow-mediated dilation, to assess endothelial function and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. Then, emerging bioimaging technologies that have the potential to experimentally measure arterial NO concentration were discussed, including Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical sensors. In addition to diagnostic methods, therapies aimed at controlling NO delivery to regulate CVD were reviewed, including the NO release platform to treat endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and inhaled NO therapy to treat pulmonary hypertension and COVID-19. Two potential methods to improve the effectiveness of existing NO therapy were also discussed, including the combination of NO release platform and computational modeling, and stem cell therapy, which currently remains at the laboratory stage but has clinical potential for the treatment of CVD.Tianxiang MaZhexi ZhangYu ChenHaoran SuXiaoyan DengXiao LiuYubo FanMDPI AGarticlenitric oxide deliverycomputational modelingflow-mediated dilationNO release platforminhaled NO therapystem cell therapyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12166, p 12166 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nitric oxide delivery computational modeling flow-mediated dilation NO release platform inhaled NO therapy stem cell therapy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	nitric oxide delivery computational modeling flow-mediated dilation NO release platform inhaled NO therapy stem cell therapy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Tianxiang Ma Zhexi Zhang Yu Chen Haoran Su Xiaoyan Deng Xiao Liu Yubo Fan Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy
description	Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in cardiovascular homeostasis and its abnormal delivery is highly associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The assessment and manipulation of NO delivery is crucial to the diagnosis and therapy of CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic progression, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiovascular manifestations of coronavirus (COVID-19). However, due to the low concentration and fast reaction characteristics of NO in the cardiovascular system, clinical applications centered on NO delivery are challenging. In this tutorial review, we first summarized the methods to estimate the in vivo NO delivery process, based on computational modeling and flow-mediated dilation, to assess endothelial function and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. Then, emerging bioimaging technologies that have the potential to experimentally measure arterial NO concentration were discussed, including Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical sensors. In addition to diagnostic methods, therapies aimed at controlling NO delivery to regulate CVD were reviewed, including the NO release platform to treat endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and inhaled NO therapy to treat pulmonary hypertension and COVID-19. Two potential methods to improve the effectiveness of existing NO therapy were also discussed, including the combination of NO release platform and computational modeling, and stem cell therapy, which currently remains at the laboratory stage but has clinical potential for the treatment of CVD.
format	article
author	Tianxiang Ma Zhexi Zhang Yu Chen Haoran Su Xiaoyan Deng Xiao Liu Yubo Fan
author_facet	Tianxiang Ma Zhexi Zhang Yu Chen Haoran Su Xiaoyan Deng Xiao Liu Yubo Fan
author_sort	Tianxiang Ma
title	Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_short	Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_full	Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_fullStr	Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_full_unstemmed	Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_sort	delivery of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system: implications for clinical diagnosis and therapy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d2c6afe4f2734a579c3cb8c8696edcc0
work_keys_str_mv	AT tianxiangma deliveryofnitricoxideinthecardiovascularsystemimplicationsforclinicaldiagnosisandtherapy AT zhexizhang deliveryofnitricoxideinthecardiovascularsystemimplicationsforclinicaldiagnosisandtherapy AT yuchen deliveryofnitricoxideinthecardiovascularsystemimplicationsforclinicaldiagnosisandtherapy AT haoransu deliveryofnitricoxideinthecardiovascularsystemimplicationsforclinicaldiagnosisandtherapy AT xiaoyandeng deliveryofnitricoxideinthecardiovascularsystemimplicationsforclinicaldiagnosisandtherapy AT xiaoliu deliveryofnitricoxideinthecardiovascularsystemimplicationsforclinicaldiagnosisandtherapy AT yubofan deliveryofnitricoxideinthecardiovascularsystemimplicationsforclinicaldiagnosisandtherapy
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Delivery of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System: Implications for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy

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