Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.

The emergence of a novel A(H1N1) strain in 2009 was the first influenza pandemic of the genomic age, and unprecedented surveillance of the virus provides the opportunity to better understand the evolution of influenza. We examined changes in the nucleotide coding regions and the amino acid sequences...

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Autores principales:	Eili Y Klein, Adrian W R Serohijos, Jeong-Mo Choi, Eugene I Shakhnovich, Andrew Pekosz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d304a24a8955436aac3525c634971cbd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d304a24a8955436aac3525c634971cbd2021-11-18T08:25:05ZInfluenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0093632https://doaj.org/article/d304a24a8955436aac3525c634971cbd2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24699432/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The emergence of a novel A(H1N1) strain in 2009 was the first influenza pandemic of the genomic age, and unprecedented surveillance of the virus provides the opportunity to better understand the evolution of influenza. We examined changes in the nucleotide coding regions and the amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and nucleoprotein (NP) segments of the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain using publicly available data. We calculated the nucleotide and amino acid hamming distance from the vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 for each sequence. We also estimated Pepitope-a measure of antigenic diversity based on changes in the epitope regions-for each isolate. Finally, we compared our results to A(H3N2) strains collected over the same period. Our analysis found that the mean hamming distance for the HA protein of the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain increased from 3.6 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.3) in 2009 to 11.7 (SD: 1.0) in 2013, while the mean hamming distance in the coding region increased from 7.4 (SD: 2.2) in 2009 to 28.3 (SD: 2.1) in 2013. These trends are broadly similar to the rate of mutation in H3N2 over the same time period. However, in contrast to H3N2 strains, the rate of mutation accumulation has slowed in recent years. Our results are notable because, over the course of the study, mutation rates in H3N2 similar to that seen with A(H1N1)pdm09 led to the emergence of two antigenic drift variants. However, while there has been an H1N1 epidemic in North America this season, evidence to date indicates the vaccine is still effective, suggesting the epidemic is not due to the emergence of an antigenic drift variant. Our results suggest that more research is needed to understand how viral mutations are related to vaccine effectiveness so that future vaccine choices and development can be more predictive.Eili Y KleinAdrian W R SerohijosJeong-Mo ChoiEugene I ShakhnovichAndrew PekoszPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 4, p e93632 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eili Y Klein Adrian W R Serohijos Jeong-Mo Choi Eugene I Shakhnovich Andrew Pekosz Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.
description	The emergence of a novel A(H1N1) strain in 2009 was the first influenza pandemic of the genomic age, and unprecedented surveillance of the virus provides the opportunity to better understand the evolution of influenza. We examined changes in the nucleotide coding regions and the amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and nucleoprotein (NP) segments of the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain using publicly available data. We calculated the nucleotide and amino acid hamming distance from the vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 for each sequence. We also estimated Pepitope-a measure of antigenic diversity based on changes in the epitope regions-for each isolate. Finally, we compared our results to A(H3N2) strains collected over the same period. Our analysis found that the mean hamming distance for the HA protein of the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain increased from 3.6 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.3) in 2009 to 11.7 (SD: 1.0) in 2013, while the mean hamming distance in the coding region increased from 7.4 (SD: 2.2) in 2009 to 28.3 (SD: 2.1) in 2013. These trends are broadly similar to the rate of mutation in H3N2 over the same time period. However, in contrast to H3N2 strains, the rate of mutation accumulation has slowed in recent years. Our results are notable because, over the course of the study, mutation rates in H3N2 similar to that seen with A(H1N1)pdm09 led to the emergence of two antigenic drift variants. However, while there has been an H1N1 epidemic in North America this season, evidence to date indicates the vaccine is still effective, suggesting the epidemic is not due to the emergence of an antigenic drift variant. Our results suggest that more research is needed to understand how viral mutations are related to vaccine effectiveness so that future vaccine choices and development can be more predictive.
format	article
author	Eili Y Klein Adrian W R Serohijos Jeong-Mo Choi Eugene I Shakhnovich Andrew Pekosz
author_facet	Eili Y Klein Adrian W R Serohijos Jeong-Mo Choi Eugene I Shakhnovich Andrew Pekosz
author_sort	Eili Y Klein
title	Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.
title_short	Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.
title_full	Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.
title_fullStr	Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.
title_full_unstemmed	Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.
title_sort	influenza a h1n1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/d304a24a8955436aac3525c634971cbd
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Influenza A H1N1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants.

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