Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas

Background: Exposure to contaminant mixtures in developing countries is an important public health issue. Children are identified as the most susceptible group to adverse health effects due to the exposure. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a screening for mixture pollutants in Mexican...

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Autores principales:	Rogelio Flores-Ramírez, Francisco J. Pérez-Vázquez, Susanna E. Medellín-Garibay, Andrea Camacho Aldrete, Moisés Vallejo-Pérez, Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez, Leticia Carrizales Yáñez, Fernando Díaz-Barriga
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2018
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d3136f64bf5b4616a276713fca95790d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d3136f64bf5b4616a276713fca95790d2021-12-02T04:24:25ZExposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas2214-999610.29024/aogh.912https://doaj.org/article/d3136f64bf5b4616a276713fca95790d2018-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/912https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Exposure to contaminant mixtures in developing countries is an important public health issue. Children are identified as the most susceptible group to adverse health effects due to the exposure. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a screening for mixture pollutants in Mexican children in urban marginalized communities. Methods: We analyzed children (aged 6–12 years old) who resided in four urban marginalized communities in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: i) Bellas Lomas (BEL), a site with vehicular traffic; ii) Tercera Chica (TC), a site with brick kilns; Iii) Rincon de San Jose (SJR), a site with a hazardous waste landfill; and (iv) Morales (MOR) a metallurgical zone with copper-arsenic and electrolytic zinc smelters. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP)), benzene (trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), manganese, arsenic and fluoride were quantified in urine and lead in blood samples. Findings: Our results indicate that median exposures to manganese were 4.4, 5.2, 5.8 and 6.3 μg/L for BEL, TC, SJR and MOR, respectively. For BEL, fluoride was present at a higher concentration with 2.3 mg/L followed by MOR, TC and SJR with 1.7, 1.5 and 1.2 mg/L respectively. The highest concentrations of arsenic that were found were 11 μg/L in MOR and lead concentration was reported between 4.2 and 6.8 μg/dL, in BEL, TC and MOR. 1-OHP and t,t-MA were higher in TC (0.23 μmol/mol creatinine (cr), 429.7 μg/g cr, respectively) followed by SJR (0.09 μmol/mol cr, 427.4 μg/g cr), MOR (0.03 μmol/mol cr, 258.6 μg/g cr) and BEL (0.06 μmol/mol cr, 220.6 μg/g cr). Conclusion: Considering the large number of people, especially children, exposed to multiple pollutants, it is important to design effective intervention programs that reduce exposure and the resultant risk in the numerous urban marginalized communities in Mexico.Rogelio Flores-RamírezFrancisco J. Pérez-VázquezSusanna E. Medellín-GaribayAndrea Camacho AldreteMoisés Vallejo-PérezLorena Díaz de León-MartínezLeticia Carrizales YáñezFernando Díaz-BarrigaUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 84, Iss 2, Pp 250-256 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Rogelio Flores-Ramírez Francisco J. Pérez-Vázquez Susanna E. Medellín-Garibay Andrea Camacho Aldrete Moisés Vallejo-Pérez Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez Leticia Carrizales Yáñez Fernando Díaz-Barriga Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas
description	Background: Exposure to contaminant mixtures in developing countries is an important public health issue. Children are identified as the most susceptible group to adverse health effects due to the exposure. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a screening for mixture pollutants in Mexican children in urban marginalized communities. Methods: We analyzed children (aged 6–12 years old) who resided in four urban marginalized communities in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: i) Bellas Lomas (BEL), a site with vehicular traffic; ii) Tercera Chica (TC), a site with brick kilns; Iii) Rincon de San Jose (SJR), a site with a hazardous waste landfill; and (iv) Morales (MOR) a metallurgical zone with copper-arsenic and electrolytic zinc smelters. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP)), benzene (trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), manganese, arsenic and fluoride were quantified in urine and lead in blood samples. Findings: Our results indicate that median exposures to manganese were 4.4, 5.2, 5.8 and 6.3 μg/L for BEL, TC, SJR and MOR, respectively. For BEL, fluoride was present at a higher concentration with 2.3 mg/L followed by MOR, TC and SJR with 1.7, 1.5 and 1.2 mg/L respectively. The highest concentrations of arsenic that were found were 11 μg/L in MOR and lead concentration was reported between 4.2 and 6.8 μg/dL, in BEL, TC and MOR. 1-OHP and t,t-MA were higher in TC (0.23 μmol/mol creatinine (cr), 429.7 μg/g cr, respectively) followed by SJR (0.09 μmol/mol cr, 427.4 μg/g cr), MOR (0.03 μmol/mol cr, 258.6 μg/g cr) and BEL (0.06 μmol/mol cr, 220.6 μg/g cr). Conclusion: Considering the large number of people, especially children, exposed to multiple pollutants, it is important to design effective intervention programs that reduce exposure and the resultant risk in the numerous urban marginalized communities in Mexico.
format	article
author	Rogelio Flores-Ramírez Francisco J. Pérez-Vázquez Susanna E. Medellín-Garibay Andrea Camacho Aldrete Moisés Vallejo-Pérez Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez Leticia Carrizales Yáñez Fernando Díaz-Barriga
author_facet	Rogelio Flores-Ramírez Francisco J. Pérez-Vázquez Susanna E. Medellín-Garibay Andrea Camacho Aldrete Moisés Vallejo-Pérez Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez Leticia Carrizales Yáñez Fernando Díaz-Barriga
author_sort	Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
title	Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas
title_short	Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas
title_full	Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas
title_fullStr	Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas
title_full_unstemmed	Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas
title_sort	exposure to mixtures of pollutants in mexican children from marginalized urban areas
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/d3136f64bf5b4616a276713fca95790d
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Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas

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