The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically s-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars

Lead (Pb) is predicted to have large over-abundances with respect to other s-process elements in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, especially of low metallicities. However, our previous abundance studies of s-process enriched post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (pos...

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Autores principales:	Devika Kamath, Hans Van Winckel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	stars: AGB and post-AGB stars: chemically peculiar neutron-capture processes Magellanic Clouds Galaxy: stellar content stars: abundances Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d34b11c7d5354ee3a03840b605d13665
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d34b11c7d5354ee3a03840b605d136652021-11-25T19:09:52ZThe Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars10.3390/universe71104462218-1997https://doaj.org/article/d34b11c7d5354ee3a03840b605d136652021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/11/446https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1997Lead (Pb) is predicted to have large over-abundances with respect to other <i>s</i>-process elements in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, especially of low metallicities. However, our previous abundance studies of <i>s</i>-process enriched post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds show a discrepancy between observed and predicted Pb abundances. For the subset of post-AGB stars with low metallicities the determined upper limits based on detailed chemical abundance studies are much lower than what is predicted. Recent theoretical studies have pointed to the occurrence of the <i>i</i>-process to explain the observed chemical patterns, especially of Pb. A major development, in the observational context, is the release of the GAIA EDR3 parallaxes of the post-AGBs in the Galaxy, which has opened the gateway to systematically studying the sample of stars as a function of current luminosities (which can be linked to their initial masses). In this paper, we succinctly review the Pb discrepancy in post-AGB stars and present the latest observational and theoretical developments in this research landscape.Devika KamathHans Van WinckelMDPI AGarticlestars: AGB and post-AGBstars: chemically peculiarneutron-capture processesMagellanic CloudsGalaxy: stellar contentstars: abundancesElementary particle physicsQC793-793.5ENUniverse, Vol 7, Iss 446, p 446 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stars: AGB and post-AGB stars: chemically peculiar neutron-capture processes Magellanic Clouds Galaxy: stellar content stars: abundances Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
spellingShingle	stars: AGB and post-AGB stars: chemically peculiar neutron-capture processes Magellanic Clouds Galaxy: stellar content stars: abundances Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5 Devika Kamath Hans Van Winckel The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars
description	Lead (Pb) is predicted to have large over-abundances with respect to other <i>s</i>-process elements in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, especially of low metallicities. However, our previous abundance studies of <i>s</i>-process enriched post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds show a discrepancy between observed and predicted Pb abundances. For the subset of post-AGB stars with low metallicities the determined upper limits based on detailed chemical abundance studies are much lower than what is predicted. Recent theoretical studies have pointed to the occurrence of the <i>i</i>-process to explain the observed chemical patterns, especially of Pb. A major development, in the observational context, is the release of the GAIA EDR3 parallaxes of the post-AGBs in the Galaxy, which has opened the gateway to systematically studying the sample of stars as a function of current luminosities (which can be linked to their initial masses). In this paper, we succinctly review the Pb discrepancy in post-AGB stars and present the latest observational and theoretical developments in this research landscape.
format	article
author	Devika Kamath Hans Van Winckel
author_facet	Devika Kamath Hans Van Winckel
author_sort	Devika Kamath
title	The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars
title_short	The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars
title_full	The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars
title_fullStr	The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars
title_full_unstemmed	The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars
title_sort	missing lead: developments in the lead (pb) discrepancy in intrinsically <i>s</i>-process enriched single post-agb stars
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d34b11c7d5354ee3a03840b605d13665
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The Missing Lead: Developments in the Lead (Pb) Discrepancy in Intrinsically <i>s</i>-Process Enriched Single Post-AGB Stars

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