Prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.

Many amphibians have declined globally due to introduction of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Hundreds of species, many in well-protected habitats, remain as small populations at risk of extinction. Currently the only proven conservation strategy is to maintain species in...

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Autores principales: Scott D Cashins, Laura F Grogan, Michael McFadden, David Hunter, Peter S Harlow, Lee Berger, Lee F Skerratt
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/d3c130a014e14f58bb9a4a91134e3da9
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:d3c130a014e14f58bb9a4a91134e3da92021-11-18T07:56:24ZPrior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0056747https://doaj.org/article/d3c130a014e14f58bb9a4a91134e3da92013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23451076/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Many amphibians have declined globally due to introduction of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Hundreds of species, many in well-protected habitats, remain as small populations at risk of extinction. Currently the only proven conservation strategy is to maintain species in captivity to be reintroduced at a later date. However, methods to abate the disease in the wild are urgently needed so that reintroduced and wild animals can survive in the presence of Bd. Vaccination has been widely suggested as a potential strategy to improve survival. We used captive-bred offspring of critically endangered booroolong frogs (Litoria booroolongensis) to test if vaccination in the form of prior infection improves survival following re exposure. We infected frogs with a local Bd isolate, cleared infection after 30 days (d) using itraconazole just prior to the onset of clinical signs, and then re-exposed animals to Bd at 110 d. We found prior exposure had no effect on survival or infection intensities, clearly showing that real infections do not stimulate a protective adaptive immune response in this species. This result supports recent studies suggesting Bd may evade or suppress host immune functions. Our results suggest vaccination is unlikely to be useful in mitigating chytridiomycosis. However, survival of some individuals from all experimental groups indicates existence of protective innate immunity. Understanding and promoting this innate resistance holds potential for enabling species recovery.Scott D CashinsLaura F GroganMichael McFaddenDavid HunterPeter S HarlowLee BergerLee F SkerrattPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e56747 (2013)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Scott D Cashins
Laura F Grogan
Michael McFadden
David Hunter
Peter S Harlow
Lee Berger
Lee F Skerratt
Prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.
description Many amphibians have declined globally due to introduction of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Hundreds of species, many in well-protected habitats, remain as small populations at risk of extinction. Currently the only proven conservation strategy is to maintain species in captivity to be reintroduced at a later date. However, methods to abate the disease in the wild are urgently needed so that reintroduced and wild animals can survive in the presence of Bd. Vaccination has been widely suggested as a potential strategy to improve survival. We used captive-bred offspring of critically endangered booroolong frogs (Litoria booroolongensis) to test if vaccination in the form of prior infection improves survival following re exposure. We infected frogs with a local Bd isolate, cleared infection after 30 days (d) using itraconazole just prior to the onset of clinical signs, and then re-exposed animals to Bd at 110 d. We found prior exposure had no effect on survival or infection intensities, clearly showing that real infections do not stimulate a protective adaptive immune response in this species. This result supports recent studies suggesting Bd may evade or suppress host immune functions. Our results suggest vaccination is unlikely to be useful in mitigating chytridiomycosis. However, survival of some individuals from all experimental groups indicates existence of protective innate immunity. Understanding and promoting this innate resistance holds potential for enabling species recovery.
format article
author Scott D Cashins
Laura F Grogan
Michael McFadden
David Hunter
Peter S Harlow
Lee Berger
Lee F Skerratt
author_facet Scott D Cashins
Laura F Grogan
Michael McFadden
David Hunter
Peter S Harlow
Lee Berger
Lee F Skerratt
author_sort Scott D Cashins
title Prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.
title_short Prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.
title_full Prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.
title_fullStr Prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.
title_full_unstemmed Prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis.
title_sort prior infection does not improve survival against the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2013
url https://doaj.org/article/d3c130a014e14f58bb9a4a91134e3da9
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