Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.

The principles of the 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, are being increasingly incorporated into legislations, guidelines and practice of animal experiments in order to safeguard animal welfare. In the present study we have studied the systematic application of 3R principles to toxicologic...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Elin Törnqvist, Anita Annas, Britta Granath, Elisabeth Jalkesten, Ian Cotgreave, Mattias Öberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d3c6d212215e46acafac33d3b45ee87b
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:d3c6d212215e46acafac33d3b45ee87b
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d3c6d212215e46acafac33d3b45ee87b2021-11-25T06:07:24ZStrategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0101638https://doaj.org/article/d3c6d212215e46acafac33d3b45ee87b2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25054864/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The principles of the 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, are being increasingly incorporated into legislations, guidelines and practice of animal experiments in order to safeguard animal welfare. In the present study we have studied the systematic application of 3R principles to toxicological research in the pharmaceutical industry, with particular focus on achieving reductions in animal numbers used in regulatory and investigatory in vivo studies. The work also details major factors influencing these reductions including the conception of ideas, cross-departmental working and acceptance into the work process. Data from 36 reduction projects were collected retrospectively from work between 2006 and 2010. Substantial reduction in animal use was achieved by different strategies, including improved study design, method development and project coordination. Major animal savings were shown in both regulatory and investigative safety studies. If a similar (i.e. 53%) reduction had been achieved simultaneously within the twelve largest pharmaceutical companies, the equivalent reduction world-wide would be about 150,000 rats annually. The results point at the importance of a strong 3R culture, with scientific engagement, collaboration and a responsive management being vital components. A strong commitment in leadership for the 3R is recommended to be translated into cross-department and inter-profession involvement in projects for innovation, validation and implementation. Synergies between all the three Rs are observed and conclude that in silico-, in vitro- and in vivo-methods all hold the potential for applying the reduction R and should be consequently coordinated at a strategic level.Elin TörnqvistAnita AnnasBritta GranathElisabeth JalkestenIan CotgreaveMattias ÖbergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e101638 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elin Törnqvist Anita Annas Britta Granath Elisabeth Jalkesten Ian Cotgreave Mattias Öberg Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.
description	The principles of the 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, are being increasingly incorporated into legislations, guidelines and practice of animal experiments in order to safeguard animal welfare. In the present study we have studied the systematic application of 3R principles to toxicological research in the pharmaceutical industry, with particular focus on achieving reductions in animal numbers used in regulatory and investigatory in vivo studies. The work also details major factors influencing these reductions including the conception of ideas, cross-departmental working and acceptance into the work process. Data from 36 reduction projects were collected retrospectively from work between 2006 and 2010. Substantial reduction in animal use was achieved by different strategies, including improved study design, method development and project coordination. Major animal savings were shown in both regulatory and investigative safety studies. If a similar (i.e. 53%) reduction had been achieved simultaneously within the twelve largest pharmaceutical companies, the equivalent reduction world-wide would be about 150,000 rats annually. The results point at the importance of a strong 3R culture, with scientific engagement, collaboration and a responsive management being vital components. A strong commitment in leadership for the 3R is recommended to be translated into cross-department and inter-profession involvement in projects for innovation, validation and implementation. Synergies between all the three Rs are observed and conclude that in silico-, in vitro- and in vivo-methods all hold the potential for applying the reduction R and should be consequently coordinated at a strategic level.
format	article
author	Elin Törnqvist Anita Annas Britta Granath Elisabeth Jalkesten Ian Cotgreave Mattias Öberg
author_facet	Elin Törnqvist Anita Annas Britta Granath Elisabeth Jalkesten Ian Cotgreave Mattias Öberg
author_sort	Elin Törnqvist
title	Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.
title_short	Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.
title_full	Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.
title_fullStr	Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.
title_full_unstemmed	Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.
title_sort	strategic focus on 3r principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/d3c6d212215e46acafac33d3b45ee87b
work_keys_str_mv	AT elintornqvist strategicfocuson3rprinciplesrevealsmajorreductionsintheuseofanimalsinpharmaceuticaltoxicitytesting AT anitaannas strategicfocuson3rprinciplesrevealsmajorreductionsintheuseofanimalsinpharmaceuticaltoxicitytesting AT brittagranath strategicfocuson3rprinciplesrevealsmajorreductionsintheuseofanimalsinpharmaceuticaltoxicitytesting AT elisabethjalkesten strategicfocuson3rprinciplesrevealsmajorreductionsintheuseofanimalsinpharmaceuticaltoxicitytesting AT iancotgreave strategicfocuson3rprinciplesrevealsmajorreductionsintheuseofanimalsinpharmaceuticaltoxicitytesting AT mattiasoberg strategicfocuson3rprinciplesrevealsmajorreductionsintheuseofanimalsinpharmaceuticaltoxicitytesting
_version_	1718414192335126528

Strategic focus on 3R principles reveals major reductions in the use of animals in pharmaceutical toxicity testing.

Ejemplares similares