AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts

Abstract Ticks are significant nuisance pests and vectors of pathogens for humans, companion animals, and livestock. Limited information on tick feeding behaviors hampers development and rigorous evaluation of tick and tick-borne pathogen control measures. To address this obstacle, the present study...

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Autores principales:	Kathryn E. Reif, Elaine A. Backus
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d3d031b0671f4304a13f74326a9b5fe3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d3d031b0671f4304a13f74326a9b5fe32021-12-02T13:50:41ZAC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts10.1038/s41598-020-80257-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d3d031b0671f4304a13f74326a9b5fe32021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80257-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ticks are significant nuisance pests and vectors of pathogens for humans, companion animals, and livestock. Limited information on tick feeding behaviors hampers development and rigorous evaluation of tick and tick-borne pathogen control measures. To address this obstacle, the present study examined the utility of AC–DC electropenetrography (EPG) to monitor feeding behaviors of adult Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum in real-time. EPG recording was performed during early stages of slow-phase tick feeding using an awake calf host. Both tick species exhibited discernable and stereotypical waveforms of low-, medium-, and high-frequencies. Similar waveform families and types were observed for both tick species; however, species-specific waveform structural differences were also observed. Tick waveforms were hierarchically categorized into three families containing seven types. Some waveform types were conserved by both species (e.g., Types 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c) while others were variably performed among species and individually recorded ticks (e.g., Types 1a, 2a, 2d). This study provides a proof-of-principle demonstration of the feasibility for using EPG to monitor, evaluate, and compare tick feeding behaviors, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at correlating specific feeding behaviors with waveforms, and ultimately the influence of control measures and pathogens on tick feeding behaviors.Kathryn E. ReifElaine A. BackusNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kathryn E. Reif Elaine A. Backus AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts
description	Abstract Ticks are significant nuisance pests and vectors of pathogens for humans, companion animals, and livestock. Limited information on tick feeding behaviors hampers development and rigorous evaluation of tick and tick-borne pathogen control measures. To address this obstacle, the present study examined the utility of AC–DC electropenetrography (EPG) to monitor feeding behaviors of adult Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum in real-time. EPG recording was performed during early stages of slow-phase tick feeding using an awake calf host. Both tick species exhibited discernable and stereotypical waveforms of low-, medium-, and high-frequencies. Similar waveform families and types were observed for both tick species; however, species-specific waveform structural differences were also observed. Tick waveforms were hierarchically categorized into three families containing seven types. Some waveform types were conserved by both species (e.g., Types 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c) while others were variably performed among species and individually recorded ticks (e.g., Types 1a, 2a, 2d). This study provides a proof-of-principle demonstration of the feasibility for using EPG to monitor, evaluate, and compare tick feeding behaviors, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at correlating specific feeding behaviors with waveforms, and ultimately the influence of control measures and pathogens on tick feeding behaviors.
format	article
author	Kathryn E. Reif Elaine A. Backus
author_facet	Kathryn E. Reif Elaine A. Backus
author_sort	Kathryn E. Reif
title	AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts
title_short	AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts
title_full	AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts
title_fullStr	AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts
title_full_unstemmed	AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts
title_sort	ac–dc electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d3d031b0671f4304a13f74326a9b5fe3
work_keys_str_mv	AT kathrynereif acdcelectropenetrographyunmasksfinetemporaldetailsoffeedingbehaviorsfortwotickspeciesonunsedatedhosts AT elaineabackus acdcelectropenetrographyunmasksfinetemporaldetailsoffeedingbehaviorsfortwotickspeciesonunsedatedhosts
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AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts

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