Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
Abstract Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first...
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Nature Portfolio
2020
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oai:doaj.org-article:d3da00d658f74248af92fbf57c14122b2021-12-02T11:40:49ZDiversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel10.1038/s41598-020-77196-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d3da00d658f74248af92fbf57c14122b2020-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77196-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial fauna over Africa, we sampled insects flying 40–290 m above ground in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons. Nearly half a million insects were caught, representing at least 100 families from thirteen orders. Control nets confirmed that the insects were captured at altitude. Thirteen ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species were studied in detail. Migration of all species peaked during the wet season every year across localities, suggesting regular migrations. Species differed in flight altitude, seasonality, and associated weather conditions. All taxa exhibited frequent flights on southerly winds, accounting for the recolonization of the Sahel from southern source populations. “Return” southward movement occurred in most taxa. Estimates of the seasonal number of migrants per species crossing Mali at latitude 14°N were in the trillions, and the nightly distances traversed reached hundreds of kilometers. The magnitude and diversity of windborne insect migration highlight its importance and impacts on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems.Jenna FlorioLaura M. VerúAdama DaoAlpha S. YaroMoussa DialloZana L. SanogoDjibril SamakéDiana L. HuestisOusman YossiElijah TalamasM. Lourdes ChamorroJ. Howard FrankMaurizio BiondiCarsten MorkelCharles BartlettYvonne-Marie LintonEhud StrobachJason W. ChapmanDon R. ReynoldsRoy FaimanBenjamin J. KrajacichCorey S. SmithTovi LehmannNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020) |
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Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Jenna Florio Laura M. Verú Adama Dao Alpha S. Yaro Moussa Diallo Zana L. Sanogo Djibril Samaké Diana L. Huestis Ousman Yossi Elijah Talamas M. Lourdes Chamorro J. Howard Frank Maurizio Biondi Carsten Morkel Charles Bartlett Yvonne-Marie Linton Ehud Strobach Jason W. Chapman Don R. Reynolds Roy Faiman Benjamin J. Krajacich Corey S. Smith Tovi Lehmann Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel |
| description |
Abstract Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial fauna over Africa, we sampled insects flying 40–290 m above ground in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons. Nearly half a million insects were caught, representing at least 100 families from thirteen orders. Control nets confirmed that the insects were captured at altitude. Thirteen ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species were studied in detail. Migration of all species peaked during the wet season every year across localities, suggesting regular migrations. Species differed in flight altitude, seasonality, and associated weather conditions. All taxa exhibited frequent flights on southerly winds, accounting for the recolonization of the Sahel from southern source populations. “Return” southward movement occurred in most taxa. Estimates of the seasonal number of migrants per species crossing Mali at latitude 14°N were in the trillions, and the nightly distances traversed reached hundreds of kilometers. The magnitude and diversity of windborne insect migration highlight its importance and impacts on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Jenna Florio Laura M. Verú Adama Dao Alpha S. Yaro Moussa Diallo Zana L. Sanogo Djibril Samaké Diana L. Huestis Ousman Yossi Elijah Talamas M. Lourdes Chamorro J. Howard Frank Maurizio Biondi Carsten Morkel Charles Bartlett Yvonne-Marie Linton Ehud Strobach Jason W. Chapman Don R. Reynolds Roy Faiman Benjamin J. Krajacich Corey S. Smith Tovi Lehmann |
| author_facet |
Jenna Florio Laura M. Verú Adama Dao Alpha S. Yaro Moussa Diallo Zana L. Sanogo Djibril Samaké Diana L. Huestis Ousman Yossi Elijah Talamas M. Lourdes Chamorro J. Howard Frank Maurizio Biondi Carsten Morkel Charles Bartlett Yvonne-Marie Linton Ehud Strobach Jason W. Chapman Don R. Reynolds Roy Faiman Benjamin J. Krajacich Corey S. Smith Tovi Lehmann |
| author_sort |
Jenna Florio |
| title |
Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel |
| title_short |
Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel |
| title_full |
Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel |
| title_fullStr |
Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel |
| title_sort |
diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the sahel |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/d3da00d658f74248af92fbf57c14122b |
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