Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.

Educational success is associated with greater quality of life and depends, in part, on heritable cognitive and non-cognitive traits. We used polygenic scores (PGS) for smoking and educational attainment to examine different genetic influences on facets of academic adjustment in adolescence and educ...

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Autores principales:	Brian M Hicks, D Angus Clark, Joseph D Deak, Jonathan D Schaefer, Mengzhen Liu, Seonkyeong Jang, C Emily Durbin, Wendy Johnson, Sylia Wilson, William G Iacono, Matt McGue, Scott I Vrieze
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d3dd9f972f2840a3a9cd353cba12eb4e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d3dd9f972f2840a3a9cd353cba12eb4e2021-12-02T20:18:01ZPolygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255348https://doaj.org/article/d3dd9f972f2840a3a9cd353cba12eb4e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255348https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Educational success is associated with greater quality of life and depends, in part, on heritable cognitive and non-cognitive traits. We used polygenic scores (PGS) for smoking and educational attainment to examine different genetic influences on facets of academic adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood. PGSs were calculated for participants of the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 3225) and included as predictors of grades, academic motivation, and discipline problems at ages 11, 14, and 17 years-old, cigarettes per day from ages 14 to 24 years old, and educational attainment in adulthood (mean age 29.4 years). Smoking and educational attainment PGSs had significant incremental associations with each academic variable and cigarettes per day. About half of the adjusted effects of the smoking and education PGSs on educational attainment in adulthood were mediated by the academic variables in adolescence. Cigarettes per day from ages 14 to 24 years old did not account for the effect of the smoking PGS on educational attainment, suggesting the smoking PGS indexes genetic influences related to general behavioral disinhibition. In sum, distinct genetic influences measured by the smoking and educational attainment PGSs contribute to academic adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.Brian M HicksD Angus ClarkJoseph D DeakJonathan D SchaeferMengzhen LiuSeonkyeong JangC Emily DurbinWendy JohnsonSylia WilsonWilliam G IaconoMatt McGueScott I VriezePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0255348 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Brian M Hicks D Angus Clark Joseph D Deak Jonathan D Schaefer Mengzhen Liu Seonkyeong Jang C Emily Durbin Wendy Johnson Sylia Wilson William G Iacono Matt McGue Scott I Vrieze Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
description	Educational success is associated with greater quality of life and depends, in part, on heritable cognitive and non-cognitive traits. We used polygenic scores (PGS) for smoking and educational attainment to examine different genetic influences on facets of academic adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood. PGSs were calculated for participants of the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 3225) and included as predictors of grades, academic motivation, and discipline problems at ages 11, 14, and 17 years-old, cigarettes per day from ages 14 to 24 years old, and educational attainment in adulthood (mean age 29.4 years). Smoking and educational attainment PGSs had significant incremental associations with each academic variable and cigarettes per day. About half of the adjusted effects of the smoking and education PGSs on educational attainment in adulthood were mediated by the academic variables in adolescence. Cigarettes per day from ages 14 to 24 years old did not account for the effect of the smoking PGS on educational attainment, suggesting the smoking PGS indexes genetic influences related to general behavioral disinhibition. In sum, distinct genetic influences measured by the smoking and educational attainment PGSs contribute to academic adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
format	article
author	Brian M Hicks D Angus Clark Joseph D Deak Jonathan D Schaefer Mengzhen Liu Seonkyeong Jang C Emily Durbin Wendy Johnson Sylia Wilson William G Iacono Matt McGue Scott I Vrieze
author_facet	Brian M Hicks D Angus Clark Joseph D Deak Jonathan D Schaefer Mengzhen Liu Seonkyeong Jang C Emily Durbin Wendy Johnson Sylia Wilson William G Iacono Matt McGue Scott I Vrieze
author_sort	Brian M Hicks
title	Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
title_short	Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
title_full	Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
title_fullStr	Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
title_full_unstemmed	Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
title_sort	polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d3dd9f972f2840a3a9cd353cba12eb4e
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Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.

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