Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor

Abstract Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer allows fast in-situ elemental determination without wet digestion for soils or geological materials, but the use of XRF on wet materials is not well documented. Our objective was to develop a rapid field method using pXRF to measure metals in...

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Autores principales:	Hailin Zhang, João Antonangelo, Chad Penn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d3f0700ddf264a8d8a6fdd18b2370d5b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d3f0700ddf264a8d8a6fdd18b2370d5b2021-12-02T12:11:45ZDevelopment of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor10.1038/s41598-021-83584-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d3f0700ddf264a8d8a6fdd18b2370d5b2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83584-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer allows fast in-situ elemental determination without wet digestion for soils or geological materials, but the use of XRF on wet materials is not well documented. Our objective was to develop a rapid field method using pXRF to measure metals in the residues from horizontal directional drilling (HDD) operations so that proper disposal decisions can be made in-situ. To establish the procedure, we spiked soil samples with 4 concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb up to 1000 mg kg−1, and then the metal concentrations were determined by wet chemical method after drying and acid digestion (standard method), and by pXRF, also at laboratory conditions, after drying and at two different moisture conditions. The measurements by pXRF and standard method after drying and after removal of excess water (AREW) were highly correlated with slopes ranging from 0.83 ± 0.01 to 1.08 ± 0.01 (P < 0.001) for all metals. The relationship was better AREW than the saturated paste without removal of excess water and the moisture content affected only the accuracy of As, Cd, and Pb. The procedure established was successfully used for HDD residues collected from 26 states of US with moisture content ranging from 14 to 83% AREW. The pXRF was proven to be a reliable tool for fast detection of common metals in dried soils and HDD residues, and samples containing < 30% moisture content without needing to correct for moisture. If the moisture is > 30%, excess water in samples need to be removed with a commercially available filter press to achieve high accuracy. The developed procedures reduce time of metal detection from days to about an hour which allows drilling operators to make quick decisions on soil or HDD disposal.Hailin ZhangJoão AntonangeloChad PennNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hailin Zhang João Antonangelo Chad Penn Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor
description	Abstract Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer allows fast in-situ elemental determination without wet digestion for soils or geological materials, but the use of XRF on wet materials is not well documented. Our objective was to develop a rapid field method using pXRF to measure metals in the residues from horizontal directional drilling (HDD) operations so that proper disposal decisions can be made in-situ. To establish the procedure, we spiked soil samples with 4 concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb up to 1000 mg kg−1, and then the metal concentrations were determined by wet chemical method after drying and acid digestion (standard method), and by pXRF, also at laboratory conditions, after drying and at two different moisture conditions. The measurements by pXRF and standard method after drying and after removal of excess water (AREW) were highly correlated with slopes ranging from 0.83 ± 0.01 to 1.08 ± 0.01 (P < 0.001) for all metals. The relationship was better AREW than the saturated paste without removal of excess water and the moisture content affected only the accuracy of As, Cd, and Pb. The procedure established was successfully used for HDD residues collected from 26 states of US with moisture content ranging from 14 to 83% AREW. The pXRF was proven to be a reliable tool for fast detection of common metals in dried soils and HDD residues, and samples containing < 30% moisture content without needing to correct for moisture. If the moisture is > 30%, excess water in samples need to be removed with a commercially available filter press to achieve high accuracy. The developed procedures reduce time of metal detection from days to about an hour which allows drilling operators to make quick decisions on soil or HDD disposal.
format	article
author	Hailin Zhang João Antonangelo Chad Penn
author_facet	Hailin Zhang João Antonangelo Chad Penn
author_sort	Hailin Zhang
title	Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor
title_short	Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor
title_full	Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor
title_fullStr	Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor
title_sort	development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with xrf sensor
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d3f0700ddf264a8d8a6fdd18b2370d5b
work_keys_str_mv	AT hailinzhang developmentofarapidfieldtestingmethodformetalsinhorizontaldirectionaldrillingresidualswithxrfsensor AT joaoantonangelo developmentofarapidfieldtestingmethodformetalsinhorizontaldirectionaldrillingresidualswithxrfsensor AT chadpenn developmentofarapidfieldtestingmethodformetalsinhorizontaldirectionaldrillingresidualswithxrfsensor
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Development of a rapid field testing method for metals in horizontal directional drilling residuals with XRF sensor

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