GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review

Large-scale deployments of the Internet of Things (IoT) are adopted for performance improvement and cost reduction in several application domains. The four main IoT application domains covered throughout this article are smart cities, smart transportation, smart healthcare, and smart manufacturing....

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Autores principales: Azin Moradbeikie, Ahmad Keshavarz, Habib Rostami, Sara Paiva, Sérgio Ivan Lopes
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:d3f753536fcb4400a72cc064384152632021-11-25T16:38:15ZGNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review10.3390/app1122107932076-3417https://doaj.org/article/d3f753536fcb4400a72cc064384152632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10793https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Large-scale deployments of the Internet of Things (IoT) are adopted for performance improvement and cost reduction in several application domains. The four main IoT application domains covered throughout this article are smart cities, smart transportation, smart healthcare, and smart manufacturing. To increase IoT applicability, data generated by the IoT devices need to be time-stamped and spatially contextualized. LPWANs have become an attractive solution for outdoor localization and received significant attention from the research community due to low-power, low-cost, and long-range communication. In addition, its signals can be used for communication and localization simultaneously. There are different proposed localization methods to obtain the IoT relative location. Each category of these proposed methods has pros and cons that make them useful for specific IoT systems. Nevertheless, there are some limitations in proposed localization methods that need to be eliminated to meet the IoT ecosystem needs completely. This has motivated this work and provided the following contributions: (1) definition of the main requirements and limitations of outdoor localization techniques for the IoT ecosystem, (2) description of the most relevant GNSS-free outdoor localization methods with a focus on LPWAN technologies, (3) survey the most relevant methods used within the IoT ecosystem for improving GNSS-free localization accuracy, and (4) discussion covering the open challenges and future directions within the field. Some of the important open issues that have different requirements in different IoT systems include energy consumption, security and privacy, accuracy, and scalability. This paper provides an overview of research works that have been published between 2018 to July 2021 and made available through the Google Scholar database.Azin MoradbeikieAhmad KeshavarzHabib RostamiSara PaivaSérgio Ivan LopesMDPI AGarticleIoTIIoTLPWANLoRaWANGNSS-freeoutdoor localizationTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10793, p 10793 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic IoT
IIoT
LPWAN
LoRaWAN
GNSS-free
outdoor localization
Technology
T
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TA1-2040
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle IoT
IIoT
LPWAN
LoRaWAN
GNSS-free
outdoor localization
Technology
T
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TA1-2040
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
Azin Moradbeikie
Ahmad Keshavarz
Habib Rostami
Sara Paiva
Sérgio Ivan Lopes
GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review
description Large-scale deployments of the Internet of Things (IoT) are adopted for performance improvement and cost reduction in several application domains. The four main IoT application domains covered throughout this article are smart cities, smart transportation, smart healthcare, and smart manufacturing. To increase IoT applicability, data generated by the IoT devices need to be time-stamped and spatially contextualized. LPWANs have become an attractive solution for outdoor localization and received significant attention from the research community due to low-power, low-cost, and long-range communication. In addition, its signals can be used for communication and localization simultaneously. There are different proposed localization methods to obtain the IoT relative location. Each category of these proposed methods has pros and cons that make them useful for specific IoT systems. Nevertheless, there are some limitations in proposed localization methods that need to be eliminated to meet the IoT ecosystem needs completely. This has motivated this work and provided the following contributions: (1) definition of the main requirements and limitations of outdoor localization techniques for the IoT ecosystem, (2) description of the most relevant GNSS-free outdoor localization methods with a focus on LPWAN technologies, (3) survey the most relevant methods used within the IoT ecosystem for improving GNSS-free localization accuracy, and (4) discussion covering the open challenges and future directions within the field. Some of the important open issues that have different requirements in different IoT systems include energy consumption, security and privacy, accuracy, and scalability. This paper provides an overview of research works that have been published between 2018 to July 2021 and made available through the Google Scholar database.
format article
author Azin Moradbeikie
Ahmad Keshavarz
Habib Rostami
Sara Paiva
Sérgio Ivan Lopes
author_facet Azin Moradbeikie
Ahmad Keshavarz
Habib Rostami
Sara Paiva
Sérgio Ivan Lopes
author_sort Azin Moradbeikie
title GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review
title_short GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review
title_full GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review
title_fullStr GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed GNSS-Free Outdoor Localization Techniques for Resource-Constrained IoT Architectures: A Literature Review
title_sort gnss-free outdoor localization techniques for resource-constrained iot architectures: a literature review
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/d3f753536fcb4400a72cc06438415263
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AT habibrostami gnssfreeoutdoorlocalizationtechniquesforresourceconstrainediotarchitecturesaliteraturereview
AT sarapaiva gnssfreeoutdoorlocalizationtechniquesforresourceconstrainediotarchitecturesaliteraturereview
AT sergioivanlopes gnssfreeoutdoorlocalizationtechniquesforresourceconstrainediotarchitecturesaliteraturereview
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