Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>

Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemo...

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Autores principales:	Shubhajit Saha, Azubuike V. Chukwuka, Dip Mukherjee, Lipika Patnaik, Susri Nayak, Kishore Dhara, Nimai Chandra Saha, Caterina Faggio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	diazinon <i>Clarias batrachus</i> pesticide chronic toxicity hematological parameters growth parameters Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d41535eb6702471c9c72f97e6122261c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d41535eb6702471c9c72f97e6122261c2021-11-25T16:40:20ZChronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>10.3390/app1122109022076-3417https://doaj.org/article/d41535eb6702471c9c72f97e6122261c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10902https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in <i>Clarias batrachus</i> after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mean corpuscular hemoglobin, condition factor, specific growth rate, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, and total serum protein) and elevated chronic diazinon exposure concentrations. The integrated indices (IBR and BRI) indexes were used to provide visual and understandable depictions of toxicity effects and emphasized the relativity of biomarkers in terms of sensitivity and magnitude or severity of responses under graded toxicant exposures. The significant damage reflected by evaluated parameters in diazinon exposure groups compared to control portends risks to the health of local fish populations, including <i>Clarias batrachus</i> in aquatic systems adjacent to agrarian landscapes.Shubhajit SahaAzubuike V. ChukwukaDip MukherjeeLipika PatnaikSusri NayakKishore DharaNimai Chandra SahaCaterina FaggioMDPI AGarticlediazinon<i>Clarias batrachus</i>pesticidechronic toxicityhematological parametersgrowth parametersTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10902, p 10902 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diazinon <i>Clarias batrachus</i> pesticide chronic toxicity hematological parameters growth parameters Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	diazinon <i>Clarias batrachus</i> pesticide chronic toxicity hematological parameters growth parameters Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Shubhajit Saha Azubuike V. Chukwuka Dip Mukherjee Lipika Patnaik Susri Nayak Kishore Dhara Nimai Chandra Saha Caterina Faggio Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>
description	Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in <i>Clarias batrachus</i> after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mean corpuscular hemoglobin, condition factor, specific growth rate, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, and total serum protein) and elevated chronic diazinon exposure concentrations. The integrated indices (IBR and BRI) indexes were used to provide visual and understandable depictions of toxicity effects and emphasized the relativity of biomarkers in terms of sensitivity and magnitude or severity of responses under graded toxicant exposures. The significant damage reflected by evaluated parameters in diazinon exposure groups compared to control portends risks to the health of local fish populations, including <i>Clarias batrachus</i> in aquatic systems adjacent to agrarian landscapes.
format	article
author	Shubhajit Saha Azubuike V. Chukwuka Dip Mukherjee Lipika Patnaik Susri Nayak Kishore Dhara Nimai Chandra Saha Caterina Faggio
author_facet	Shubhajit Saha Azubuike V. Chukwuka Dip Mukherjee Lipika Patnaik Susri Nayak Kishore Dhara Nimai Chandra Saha Caterina Faggio
author_sort	Shubhajit Saha
title	Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>
title_short	Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>
title_full	Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>
title_fullStr	Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>
title_sort	chronic effects of diazinon<sup>®</sup> exposures using integrated biomarker responses in freshwater walking catfish, <i>clarias batrachus</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d41535eb6702471c9c72f97e6122261c
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Chronic Effects of Diazinon<sup>®</sup> Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>

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