Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats

Symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE) and myocarditis are usually nonspecific and include fever, apathy, and loss of appetite. This condition can lead to severe heart failure with ascites or/and fluid in the thoracic cavity or/and in the pericardial sac. We describe infective endocarditis and myoc...

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Autores principales:	Olga Szaluś-Jordanow, Marta Stabińska-Smolarz, Michał Czopowicz, Agata Moroz, Marcin Mickiewicz, Andrzej Łobaczewski, Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel, Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda, Magdalena Rzewuska, Rafał Sapierzyński, Michał Grzegorczyk, Anna Świerk, Tadeusz Frymus
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	infective endocarditis myocarditis dogs cats Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d419bb737b474d99b349746cbc13cf8a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d419bb737b474d99b349746cbc13cf8a2021-11-25T16:17:37ZFocused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats10.3390/ani111131622076-2615https://doaj.org/article/d419bb737b474d99b349746cbc13cf8a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3162https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE) and myocarditis are usually nonspecific and include fever, apathy, and loss of appetite. This condition can lead to severe heart failure with ascites or/and fluid in the thoracic cavity or/and in the pericardial sac. We describe infective endocarditis and myocarditis in 3 dogs and 4 cats. In all animals, the initial diagnosis was performed on the basis of a focused cardiac ultrasound examination performed by a general practitioner after a training in this technique. The initial findings were confirmed by a board-certified specialist in veterinary cardiology. Post mortem positive microbiological results from valves were obtained in 4 of 7 patients. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was confirmed in 2 cases and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> was confirmed in 2 cases, one of which included <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. coinfection. Histopathological examination confirmed initial diagnosis in 5 of 7 animals. In the remaining 2 patients, the time elapsed from the onset of clinical symptoms to death was about 1 month and no active inflammation but massive fibrosis was found microscopically. This is, to our best knowledge, the first report of IE and myocarditis diagnosed in small animals using focused cardiac ultrasound examination. Therefore, we conclude that common usage of this technique by trained general veterinarians may increase the rate of diagnosed patients with these conditions.Olga Szaluś-JordanowMarta Stabińska-SmolarzMichał CzopowiczAgata MorozMarcin MickiewiczAndrzej ŁobaczewskiDorota Chrobak-ChmielMagdalena Kizerwetter-ŚwidaMagdalena RzewuskaRafał SapierzyńskiMichał GrzegorczykAnna ŚwierkTadeusz FrymusMDPI AGarticleinfective endocarditismyocarditisdogscatsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3162, p 3162 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	infective endocarditis myocarditis dogs cats Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	infective endocarditis myocarditis dogs cats Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Olga Szaluś-Jordanow Marta Stabińska-Smolarz Michał Czopowicz Agata Moroz Marcin Mickiewicz Andrzej Łobaczewski Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda Magdalena Rzewuska Rafał Sapierzyński Michał Grzegorczyk Anna Świerk Tadeusz Frymus Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats
description	Symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE) and myocarditis are usually nonspecific and include fever, apathy, and loss of appetite. This condition can lead to severe heart failure with ascites or/and fluid in the thoracic cavity or/and in the pericardial sac. We describe infective endocarditis and myocarditis in 3 dogs and 4 cats. In all animals, the initial diagnosis was performed on the basis of a focused cardiac ultrasound examination performed by a general practitioner after a training in this technique. The initial findings were confirmed by a board-certified specialist in veterinary cardiology. Post mortem positive microbiological results from valves were obtained in 4 of 7 patients. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was confirmed in 2 cases and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> was confirmed in 2 cases, one of which included <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. coinfection. Histopathological examination confirmed initial diagnosis in 5 of 7 animals. In the remaining 2 patients, the time elapsed from the onset of clinical symptoms to death was about 1 month and no active inflammation but massive fibrosis was found microscopically. This is, to our best knowledge, the first report of IE and myocarditis diagnosed in small animals using focused cardiac ultrasound examination. Therefore, we conclude that common usage of this technique by trained general veterinarians may increase the rate of diagnosed patients with these conditions.
format	article
author	Olga Szaluś-Jordanow Marta Stabińska-Smolarz Michał Czopowicz Agata Moroz Marcin Mickiewicz Andrzej Łobaczewski Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda Magdalena Rzewuska Rafał Sapierzyński Michał Grzegorczyk Anna Świerk Tadeusz Frymus
author_facet	Olga Szaluś-Jordanow Marta Stabińska-Smolarz Michał Czopowicz Agata Moroz Marcin Mickiewicz Andrzej Łobaczewski Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda Magdalena Rzewuska Rafał Sapierzyński Michał Grzegorczyk Anna Świerk Tadeusz Frymus
author_sort	Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
title	Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats
title_short	Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats
title_full	Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats
title_fullStr	Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats
title_full_unstemmed	Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats
title_sort	focused cardiac ultrasound examination as a tool for diagnosis of infective endocarditis and myocarditis in dogs and cats
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d419bb737b474d99b349746cbc13cf8a
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Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Examination as a Tool for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Myocarditis in Dogs and Cats

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