Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.

Many animals migrate to take advantage of temporal and spatial variability in resources. These benefits are offset with costs like increased energetic expenditure and travel through unfamiliar areas. Differences in the cost-benefit ratio for individuals may lead to partial migration with one portion...

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Autores principales:	Timothy J Fullman, Brian T Person, Alexander K Prichard, Lincoln S Parrett
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d464fb6c9e624dcfaf9e2dbf8ee6f956
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d464fb6c9e624dcfaf9e2dbf8ee6f9562021-12-02T20:13:52ZVariation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258128https://doaj.org/article/d464fb6c9e624dcfaf9e2dbf8ee6f9562021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258128https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Many animals migrate to take advantage of temporal and spatial variability in resources. These benefits are offset with costs like increased energetic expenditure and travel through unfamiliar areas. Differences in the cost-benefit ratio for individuals may lead to partial migration with one portion of a population migrating while another does not. We investigated migration dynamics and winter site fidelity for a long-distance partial migrant, barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) of the Teshekpuk Caribou Herd in northern Alaska. We used GPS telemetry for 76 female caribou over 164 annual movement trajectories to identify timing and location of migration and winter use, proportion of migrants, and fidelity to different herd wintering areas. We found within-individual variation in movement behavior and wintering area use by the Teshekpuk Caribou Herd, adding caribou to the growing list of ungulates that can exhibit migratory plasticity. Using a first passage time-net squared displacement approach, we classified 78.7% of annual movement paths as migration, 11.6% as residency, and 9.8% as another strategy. Timing and distance of migration varied by season and wintering area. Duration of migration was longer for fall migration than for spring, which may relate to the latter featuring more directed movement. Caribou utilized four wintering areas, with multiple areas used each year. This variation occurred not just among different individuals, but state sequence analyses indicated low fidelity of individuals to wintering areas among years. Variability in movement behavior can have fitness consequences. As caribou face the pressures of a rapidly warming Arctic and ongoing human development and activities, further research is needed to investigate what factors influence this diversity of behaviors in Alaska and across the circumpolar Arctic.Timothy J FullmanBrian T PersonAlexander K PrichardLincoln S ParrettPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0258128 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Timothy J Fullman Brian T Person Alexander K Prichard Lincoln S Parrett Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.
description	Many animals migrate to take advantage of temporal and spatial variability in resources. These benefits are offset with costs like increased energetic expenditure and travel through unfamiliar areas. Differences in the cost-benefit ratio for individuals may lead to partial migration with one portion of a population migrating while another does not. We investigated migration dynamics and winter site fidelity for a long-distance partial migrant, barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) of the Teshekpuk Caribou Herd in northern Alaska. We used GPS telemetry for 76 female caribou over 164 annual movement trajectories to identify timing and location of migration and winter use, proportion of migrants, and fidelity to different herd wintering areas. We found within-individual variation in movement behavior and wintering area use by the Teshekpuk Caribou Herd, adding caribou to the growing list of ungulates that can exhibit migratory plasticity. Using a first passage time-net squared displacement approach, we classified 78.7% of annual movement paths as migration, 11.6% as residency, and 9.8% as another strategy. Timing and distance of migration varied by season and wintering area. Duration of migration was longer for fall migration than for spring, which may relate to the latter featuring more directed movement. Caribou utilized four wintering areas, with multiple areas used each year. This variation occurred not just among different individuals, but state sequence analyses indicated low fidelity of individuals to wintering areas among years. Variability in movement behavior can have fitness consequences. As caribou face the pressures of a rapidly warming Arctic and ongoing human development and activities, further research is needed to investigate what factors influence this diversity of behaviors in Alaska and across the circumpolar Arctic.
format	article
author	Timothy J Fullman Brian T Person Alexander K Prichard Lincoln S Parrett
author_facet	Timothy J Fullman Brian T Person Alexander K Prichard Lincoln S Parrett
author_sort	Timothy J Fullman
title	Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.
title_short	Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.
title_full	Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.
title_fullStr	Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.
title_full_unstemmed	Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.
title_sort	variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d464fb6c9e624dcfaf9e2dbf8ee6f956
work_keys_str_mv	AT timothyjfullman variationinwintersitefidelitywithinandamongindividualsinfluencesmovementbehaviorinapartiallymigratoryungulate AT briantperson variationinwintersitefidelitywithinandamongindividualsinfluencesmovementbehaviorinapartiallymigratoryungulate AT alexanderkprichard variationinwintersitefidelitywithinandamongindividualsinfluencesmovementbehaviorinapartiallymigratoryungulate AT lincolnsparrett variationinwintersitefidelitywithinandamongindividualsinfluencesmovementbehaviorinapartiallymigratoryungulate
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Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate.

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