Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa.
African forest elephants- taxonomically and functionally unique-are being poached at accelerating rates, but we lack range-wide information on the repercussions. Analysis of the largest survey dataset ever assembled for forest elephants (80 foot-surveys; covering 13,000 km; 91,600 person-days of fie...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013
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oai:doaj.org-article:d46e7833f2d64ed78b4401d7501301452021-11-18T07:55:04ZDevastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0059469https://doaj.org/article/d46e7833f2d64ed78b4401d7501301452013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23469289/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203African forest elephants- taxonomically and functionally unique-are being poached at accelerating rates, but we lack range-wide information on the repercussions. Analysis of the largest survey dataset ever assembled for forest elephants (80 foot-surveys; covering 13,000 km; 91,600 person-days of fieldwork) revealed that population size declined by ca. 62% between 2002-2011, and the taxon lost 30% of its geographical range. The population is now less than 10% of its potential size, occupying less than 25% of its potential range. High human population density, hunting intensity, absence of law enforcement, poor governance, and proximity to expanding infrastructure are the strongest predictors of decline. To save the remaining African forest elephants, illegal poaching for ivory and encroachment into core elephant habitat must be stopped. In addition, the international demand for ivory, which fuels illegal trade, must be dramatically reduced.Fiona MaiselsSamantha StrindbergStephen BlakeGeorge WittemyerJohn HartElizabeth A WilliamsonRostand Aba'aGaspard AbitsiRuffin D AmbaheFidèl AmsiniParfait C BakabanaThurston Cleveland HicksRosine E BayogoMartha BechemRene L BeyersAnicet N BezangoyePatrick BoundjaNicolas BoutMarc Ella AkouLambert Bene BeneBernard FossoElizabeth GreengrassFalk GrossmannClement Ikamba-NkuluOmari IlambuBila-Isia InogwabiniFortune IyenguetFranck KiminouMax KokangoyeDeo KujirakwinjaStephanie LatourInnocent LiengolaQuevain MackayaJacob MadidiBola MadzokeCalixte MakoumbouGuy-Aimé MalandaRichard MalongaOlivier MbaniValentin A MbendzoEdgar AmbassaAlbert EkindeYves MihindouBethan J MorganProsper MotsabaGabin MoukalaAnselme MounguenguiBrice S MowawaChristian NdzaiStuart NixonPele NkumuFabian NzolaniLilian PinteaAndrew PlumptreHugo RaineyBruno Bokoto de SemboliAdeline SerckxEmma StokesAndrea TurkaloHilde VanleeuweAshley VosperYmke WarrenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e59469 (2013) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
| spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Fiona Maisels Samantha Strindberg Stephen Blake George Wittemyer John Hart Elizabeth A Williamson Rostand Aba'a Gaspard Abitsi Ruffin D Ambahe Fidèl Amsini Parfait C Bakabana Thurston Cleveland Hicks Rosine E Bayogo Martha Bechem Rene L Beyers Anicet N Bezangoye Patrick Boundja Nicolas Bout Marc Ella Akou Lambert Bene Bene Bernard Fosso Elizabeth Greengrass Falk Grossmann Clement Ikamba-Nkulu Omari Ilambu Bila-Isia Inogwabini Fortune Iyenguet Franck Kiminou Max Kokangoye Deo Kujirakwinja Stephanie Latour Innocent Liengola Quevain Mackaya Jacob Madidi Bola Madzoke Calixte Makoumbou Guy-Aimé Malanda Richard Malonga Olivier Mbani Valentin A Mbendzo Edgar Ambassa Albert Ekinde Yves Mihindou Bethan J Morgan Prosper Motsaba Gabin Moukala Anselme Mounguengui Brice S Mowawa Christian Ndzai Stuart Nixon Pele Nkumu Fabian Nzolani Lilian Pintea Andrew Plumptre Hugo Rainey Bruno Bokoto de Semboli Adeline Serckx Emma Stokes Andrea Turkalo Hilde Vanleeuwe Ashley Vosper Ymke Warren Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa. |
| description |
African forest elephants- taxonomically and functionally unique-are being poached at accelerating rates, but we lack range-wide information on the repercussions. Analysis of the largest survey dataset ever assembled for forest elephants (80 foot-surveys; covering 13,000 km; 91,600 person-days of fieldwork) revealed that population size declined by ca. 62% between 2002-2011, and the taxon lost 30% of its geographical range. The population is now less than 10% of its potential size, occupying less than 25% of its potential range. High human population density, hunting intensity, absence of law enforcement, poor governance, and proximity to expanding infrastructure are the strongest predictors of decline. To save the remaining African forest elephants, illegal poaching for ivory and encroachment into core elephant habitat must be stopped. In addition, the international demand for ivory, which fuels illegal trade, must be dramatically reduced. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Fiona Maisels Samantha Strindberg Stephen Blake George Wittemyer John Hart Elizabeth A Williamson Rostand Aba'a Gaspard Abitsi Ruffin D Ambahe Fidèl Amsini Parfait C Bakabana Thurston Cleveland Hicks Rosine E Bayogo Martha Bechem Rene L Beyers Anicet N Bezangoye Patrick Boundja Nicolas Bout Marc Ella Akou Lambert Bene Bene Bernard Fosso Elizabeth Greengrass Falk Grossmann Clement Ikamba-Nkulu Omari Ilambu Bila-Isia Inogwabini Fortune Iyenguet Franck Kiminou Max Kokangoye Deo Kujirakwinja Stephanie Latour Innocent Liengola Quevain Mackaya Jacob Madidi Bola Madzoke Calixte Makoumbou Guy-Aimé Malanda Richard Malonga Olivier Mbani Valentin A Mbendzo Edgar Ambassa Albert Ekinde Yves Mihindou Bethan J Morgan Prosper Motsaba Gabin Moukala Anselme Mounguengui Brice S Mowawa Christian Ndzai Stuart Nixon Pele Nkumu Fabian Nzolani Lilian Pintea Andrew Plumptre Hugo Rainey Bruno Bokoto de Semboli Adeline Serckx Emma Stokes Andrea Turkalo Hilde Vanleeuwe Ashley Vosper Ymke Warren |
| author_facet |
Fiona Maisels Samantha Strindberg Stephen Blake George Wittemyer John Hart Elizabeth A Williamson Rostand Aba'a Gaspard Abitsi Ruffin D Ambahe Fidèl Amsini Parfait C Bakabana Thurston Cleveland Hicks Rosine E Bayogo Martha Bechem Rene L Beyers Anicet N Bezangoye Patrick Boundja Nicolas Bout Marc Ella Akou Lambert Bene Bene Bernard Fosso Elizabeth Greengrass Falk Grossmann Clement Ikamba-Nkulu Omari Ilambu Bila-Isia Inogwabini Fortune Iyenguet Franck Kiminou Max Kokangoye Deo Kujirakwinja Stephanie Latour Innocent Liengola Quevain Mackaya Jacob Madidi Bola Madzoke Calixte Makoumbou Guy-Aimé Malanda Richard Malonga Olivier Mbani Valentin A Mbendzo Edgar Ambassa Albert Ekinde Yves Mihindou Bethan J Morgan Prosper Motsaba Gabin Moukala Anselme Mounguengui Brice S Mowawa Christian Ndzai Stuart Nixon Pele Nkumu Fabian Nzolani Lilian Pintea Andrew Plumptre Hugo Rainey Bruno Bokoto de Semboli Adeline Serckx Emma Stokes Andrea Turkalo Hilde Vanleeuwe Ashley Vosper Ymke Warren |
| author_sort |
Fiona Maisels |
| title |
Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa. |
| title_short |
Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa. |
| title_full |
Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa. |
| title_fullStr |
Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa. |
| title_sort |
devastating decline of forest elephants in central africa. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/d46e7833f2d64ed78b4401d750130145 |
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