Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation

Abstract In this work, we compared the main characteristics of highly porous geopolymer components for water treatment applications manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation. Furthermore, different approaches to impregnate the materials with Ag or Cu were evaluated to obtain filter...

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Autores principales:	Tero Luukkonen, Juho Yliniemi, Harisankar Sreenivasan, Katja Ohenoja, Mikko Finnilä, Giorgia Franchin, Paolo Colombo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d471e4d966034b28b3fa61fb40d79a06
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d471e4d966034b28b3fa61fb40d79a062021-12-02T17:14:59ZAg- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation10.1038/s41598-020-64228-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d471e4d966034b28b3fa61fb40d79a062020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64228-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In this work, we compared the main characteristics of highly porous geopolymer components for water treatment applications manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation. Furthermore, different approaches to impregnate the materials with Ag or Cu were evaluated to obtain filters with disinfecting or catalytic properties. The results revealed that all of the investigated manufacturing methods enabled the fabrication of components that possessed mesoporosity, suitable mechanical strength, and water permeability, even though their morphologies were completely different. Total porosity and compressive strength values were 28 vol% and 16 MPa for 3D-printed, 70–79 vol% and 1 MPa for direct-foamed, and 27 vol% and 10 MPa for granule samples. Both the filter preparation and the metal impregnation method affected the amount, oxidation state, and stability of Ag and Cu in the filters. However, it was possible to prepare filters with low metal leaching between a pH of 3–7, so that the released Ag and Cu concentrations were within drinking water standards.Tero LuukkonenJuho YliniemiHarisankar SreenivasanKatja OhenojaMikko FinniläGiorgia FranchinPaolo ColomboNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tero Luukkonen Juho Yliniemi Harisankar Sreenivasan Katja Ohenoja Mikko Finnilä Giorgia Franchin Paolo Colombo Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation
description	Abstract In this work, we compared the main characteristics of highly porous geopolymer components for water treatment applications manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation. Furthermore, different approaches to impregnate the materials with Ag or Cu were evaluated to obtain filters with disinfecting or catalytic properties. The results revealed that all of the investigated manufacturing methods enabled the fabrication of components that possessed mesoporosity, suitable mechanical strength, and water permeability, even though their morphologies were completely different. Total porosity and compressive strength values were 28 vol% and 16 MPa for 3D-printed, 70–79 vol% and 1 MPa for direct-foamed, and 27 vol% and 10 MPa for granule samples. Both the filter preparation and the metal impregnation method affected the amount, oxidation state, and stability of Ag and Cu in the filters. However, it was possible to prepare filters with low metal leaching between a pH of 3–7, so that the released Ag and Cu concentrations were within drinking water standards.
format	article
author	Tero Luukkonen Juho Yliniemi Harisankar Sreenivasan Katja Ohenoja Mikko Finnilä Giorgia Franchin Paolo Colombo
author_facet	Tero Luukkonen Juho Yliniemi Harisankar Sreenivasan Katja Ohenoja Mikko Finnilä Giorgia Franchin Paolo Colombo
author_sort	Tero Luukkonen
title	Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation
title_short	Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation
title_full	Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation
title_fullStr	Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation
title_full_unstemmed	Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation
title_sort	ag- or cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3d printing, direct foaming, or granulation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/d471e4d966034b28b3fa61fb40d79a06
work_keys_str_mv	AT teroluukkonen agorcumodifiedgeopolymerfiltersforwatertreatmentmanufacturedby3dprintingdirectfoamingorgranulation AT juhoyliniemi agorcumodifiedgeopolymerfiltersforwatertreatmentmanufacturedby3dprintingdirectfoamingorgranulation AT harisankarsreenivasan agorcumodifiedgeopolymerfiltersforwatertreatmentmanufacturedby3dprintingdirectfoamingorgranulation AT katjaohenoja agorcumodifiedgeopolymerfiltersforwatertreatmentmanufacturedby3dprintingdirectfoamingorgranulation AT mikkofinnila agorcumodifiedgeopolymerfiltersforwatertreatmentmanufacturedby3dprintingdirectfoamingorgranulation AT giorgiafranchin agorcumodifiedgeopolymerfiltersforwatertreatmentmanufacturedby3dprintingdirectfoamingorgranulation AT paolocolombo agorcumodifiedgeopolymerfiltersforwatertreatmentmanufacturedby3dprintingdirectfoamingorgranulation
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Ag- or Cu-modified geopolymer filters for water treatment manufactured by 3D printing, direct foaming, or granulation

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