New AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe
Abstract Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is not one of the founder crops domesticated in Southwest Asia in the early Holocene, but was domesticated in northeast China by 6000 bc. In Europe, millet was reported in Early Neolithic contexts formed by 6000 bc, but recent radiocarbon dating of a...
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2020
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oai:doaj.org-article:d47a370a8202483d8b5abf5ed876046a2021-12-02T18:50:43ZNew AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe10.1038/s41598-020-70495-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d47a370a8202483d8b5abf5ed876046a2020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70495-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is not one of the founder crops domesticated in Southwest Asia in the early Holocene, but was domesticated in northeast China by 6000 bc. In Europe, millet was reported in Early Neolithic contexts formed by 6000 bc, but recent radiocarbon dating of a dozen 'early' grains cast doubt on these claims. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals that millet was common in Europe from the 2nd millennium bc, when major societal and economic transformations took place in the Bronze Age. We conducted an extensive programme of AMS-dating of charred broomcorn millet grains from 75 prehistoric sites in Europe. Our Bayesian model reveals that millet cultivation began in Europe at the earliest during the sixteenth century bc, and spread rapidly during the fifteenth/fourteenth centuries bc. Broomcorn millet succeeds in exceptionally wide range of growing conditions and completes its lifecycle in less than three summer months. Offering an additional harvest and thus surplus food/fodder, it likely was a transformative innovation in European prehistoric agriculture previously based mainly on (winter) cropping of wheat and barley. We provide a new, high-resolution chronological framework for this key agricultural development that likely contributed to far-reaching changes in lifestyle in late 2nd millennium bc Europe.Dragana FilipovićJohn MeadowsMarta Dal CorsoWiebke KirleisAlmuth AlslebenÖrni AkeretFelix BittmannGiovanna BosiBeatrice CiutăDagmar DreslerováHenrike EffenbergerFerenc GyulaiAndreas G. HeissMonika HellmundSusanne JahnsThorsten JakobitschMagda KapciaStefanie KlooßMarianne Kohler-SchneiderHelmut KrollPrzemysław MakarowiczElena MarinovaTanja MärkleAleksandar MedovićAnna Maria MercuriAldona Mueller-BieniekRenato NisbetGalina PashkevichRenata PeregoPetr PokornýŁukasz PospiesznyMarcin PrzybyłaKelly ReedJoanna RennwanzHans-Peter StikaAstrid StobbeTjaša TolarKrystyna WasylikowaJulian WietholdTanja ZerlNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2020) |
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Medicine R Science Q Dragana Filipović John Meadows Marta Dal Corso Wiebke Kirleis Almuth Alsleben Örni Akeret Felix Bittmann Giovanna Bosi Beatrice Ciută Dagmar Dreslerová Henrike Effenberger Ferenc Gyulai Andreas G. Heiss Monika Hellmund Susanne Jahns Thorsten Jakobitsch Magda Kapcia Stefanie Klooß Marianne Kohler-Schneider Helmut Kroll Przemysław Makarowicz Elena Marinova Tanja Märkle Aleksandar Medović Anna Maria Mercuri Aldona Mueller-Bieniek Renato Nisbet Galina Pashkevich Renata Perego Petr Pokorný Łukasz Pospieszny Marcin Przybyła Kelly Reed Joanna Rennwanz Hans-Peter Stika Astrid Stobbe Tjaša Tolar Krystyna Wasylikowa Julian Wiethold Tanja Zerl New AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe |
| description |
Abstract Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is not one of the founder crops domesticated in Southwest Asia in the early Holocene, but was domesticated in northeast China by 6000 bc. In Europe, millet was reported in Early Neolithic contexts formed by 6000 bc, but recent radiocarbon dating of a dozen 'early' grains cast doubt on these claims. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals that millet was common in Europe from the 2nd millennium bc, when major societal and economic transformations took place in the Bronze Age. We conducted an extensive programme of AMS-dating of charred broomcorn millet grains from 75 prehistoric sites in Europe. Our Bayesian model reveals that millet cultivation began in Europe at the earliest during the sixteenth century bc, and spread rapidly during the fifteenth/fourteenth centuries bc. Broomcorn millet succeeds in exceptionally wide range of growing conditions and completes its lifecycle in less than three summer months. Offering an additional harvest and thus surplus food/fodder, it likely was a transformative innovation in European prehistoric agriculture previously based mainly on (winter) cropping of wheat and barley. We provide a new, high-resolution chronological framework for this key agricultural development that likely contributed to far-reaching changes in lifestyle in late 2nd millennium bc Europe. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Dragana Filipović John Meadows Marta Dal Corso Wiebke Kirleis Almuth Alsleben Örni Akeret Felix Bittmann Giovanna Bosi Beatrice Ciută Dagmar Dreslerová Henrike Effenberger Ferenc Gyulai Andreas G. Heiss Monika Hellmund Susanne Jahns Thorsten Jakobitsch Magda Kapcia Stefanie Klooß Marianne Kohler-Schneider Helmut Kroll Przemysław Makarowicz Elena Marinova Tanja Märkle Aleksandar Medović Anna Maria Mercuri Aldona Mueller-Bieniek Renato Nisbet Galina Pashkevich Renata Perego Petr Pokorný Łukasz Pospieszny Marcin Przybyła Kelly Reed Joanna Rennwanz Hans-Peter Stika Astrid Stobbe Tjaša Tolar Krystyna Wasylikowa Julian Wiethold Tanja Zerl |
| author_facet |
Dragana Filipović John Meadows Marta Dal Corso Wiebke Kirleis Almuth Alsleben Örni Akeret Felix Bittmann Giovanna Bosi Beatrice Ciută Dagmar Dreslerová Henrike Effenberger Ferenc Gyulai Andreas G. Heiss Monika Hellmund Susanne Jahns Thorsten Jakobitsch Magda Kapcia Stefanie Klooß Marianne Kohler-Schneider Helmut Kroll Przemysław Makarowicz Elena Marinova Tanja Märkle Aleksandar Medović Anna Maria Mercuri Aldona Mueller-Bieniek Renato Nisbet Galina Pashkevich Renata Perego Petr Pokorný Łukasz Pospieszny Marcin Przybyła Kelly Reed Joanna Rennwanz Hans-Peter Stika Astrid Stobbe Tjaša Tolar Krystyna Wasylikowa Julian Wiethold Tanja Zerl |
| author_sort |
Dragana Filipović |
| title |
New AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe |
| title_short |
New AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe |
| title_full |
New AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe |
| title_fullStr |
New AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed |
New AMS 14C dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric Europe |
| title_sort |
new ams 14c dates track the arrival and spread of broomcorn millet cultivation and agricultural change in prehistoric europe |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/d47a370a8202483d8b5abf5ed876046a |
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