Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study

Annette van Maanen,1 Anne Marie Meijer,1 Marcel G Smits,2 Frans J Oort1 1Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2Centre for Sleep-Wake Disorders and Chronobiology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, the Netherlands Abstract: Melatonin treatment is effecti...

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Autores principales:	van Maanen A, Meijer AM, Smits MG, Oort FJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	melatonin classical conditioning children delayed sleep Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d4839666eb67484fa4be519dd786d87a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d4839666eb67484fa4be519dd786d87a2021-12-02T08:21:10ZClassical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/d4839666eb67484fa4be519dd786d87a2017-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/classical-conditioning-for-preserving-the-effects-of-short-melatonin-t-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Annette van Maanen,1 Anne Marie Meijer,1 Marcel G Smits,2 Frans J Oort1 1Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2Centre for Sleep-Wake Disorders and Chronobiology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, the Netherlands Abstract: Melatonin treatment is effective in treating sleep onset problems in children with delayed melatonin onset, but effects usually disappear when treatment is discontinued. In this pilot study, we investigated whether classical conditioning might help in preserving treatment effects of melatonin in children with sleep onset problems, with and without comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism. After a baseline week, 16 children (mean age: 9.92 years, 31% ADHD/autism) received melatonin treatment for 3 weeks and then gradually discontinued the treatment. Classical conditioning was applied by having children drink organic lemonade while taking melatonin and by using a dim red light lamp that was turned on when children went to bed. Results were compared with a group of 41 children (mean age: 9.43 years, 34% ADHD/autism) who received melatonin without classical conditioning. Melatonin treatment was effective in advancing dim light melatonin onset and reducing sleep onset problems, and positive effects were found on health and behavior problems. After stopping melatonin, sleep returned to baseline levels. We found that for children without comorbidity in the experimental group, sleep latency and sleep start delayed less in the stop week, which suggests an effect of classical conditioning. However, classical conditioning seems counterproductive in children with ADHD or autism. Further research is needed to establish these results and to examine other ways to preserve melatonin treatment effects, for example, by applying morning light. Keywords: melatonin, classical conditioning, children, delayed sleepvan Maanen AMeijer AMSmits MGOort FJDove Medical Pressarticlemelatoninclassical conditioningchildrendelayed sleepPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 9, Pp 67-79 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	melatonin classical conditioning children delayed sleep Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	melatonin classical conditioning children delayed sleep Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 van Maanen A Meijer AM Smits MG Oort FJ Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
description	Annette van Maanen,1 Anne Marie Meijer,1 Marcel G Smits,2 Frans J Oort1 1Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2Centre for Sleep-Wake Disorders and Chronobiology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, the Netherlands Abstract: Melatonin treatment is effective in treating sleep onset problems in children with delayed melatonin onset, but effects usually disappear when treatment is discontinued. In this pilot study, we investigated whether classical conditioning might help in preserving treatment effects of melatonin in children with sleep onset problems, with and without comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism. After a baseline week, 16 children (mean age: 9.92 years, 31% ADHD/autism) received melatonin treatment for 3 weeks and then gradually discontinued the treatment. Classical conditioning was applied by having children drink organic lemonade while taking melatonin and by using a dim red light lamp that was turned on when children went to bed. Results were compared with a group of 41 children (mean age: 9.43 years, 34% ADHD/autism) who received melatonin without classical conditioning. Melatonin treatment was effective in advancing dim light melatonin onset and reducing sleep onset problems, and positive effects were found on health and behavior problems. After stopping melatonin, sleep returned to baseline levels. We found that for children without comorbidity in the experimental group, sleep latency and sleep start delayed less in the stop week, which suggests an effect of classical conditioning. However, classical conditioning seems counterproductive in children with ADHD or autism. Further research is needed to establish these results and to examine other ways to preserve melatonin treatment effects, for example, by applying morning light. Keywords: melatonin, classical conditioning, children, delayed sleep
format	article
author	van Maanen A Meijer AM Smits MG Oort FJ
author_facet	van Maanen A Meijer AM Smits MG Oort FJ
author_sort	van Maanen A
title	Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
title_short	Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
title_full	Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
title_fullStr	Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
title_full_unstemmed	Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
title_sort	classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/d4839666eb67484fa4be519dd786d87a
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Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study

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