Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019

As the US air cargo network (USACN) becomes a crucial part of the economy, it is pivotal to understand the structural evolution of the network and how it would be affected by unexpected events. We investigated the network structure, efficiency, and robustness of the USACN from 1990 to 2019 due to ta...

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Autores principales:	Changsong Zhao, Chunliang Xiu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi-Wiley 2021
Materias:	Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d49be32334d6497890a18324955a3c74
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d49be32334d6497890a18324955a3c742021-11-29T00:56:23ZStructural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 20191099-052610.1155/2021/9310670https://doaj.org/article/d49be32334d6497890a18324955a3c742021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9310670https://doaj.org/toc/1099-0526As the US air cargo network (USACN) becomes a crucial part of the economy, it is pivotal to understand the structural evolution of the network and how it would be affected by unexpected events. We investigated the network structure, efficiency, and robustness of the USACN from 1990 to 2019 due to targeted attacks based on complex network theory from a dynamic and spatiotemporal perspective. Our results suggest that the USACN has enhanced robustness. Moreover, we find that attacks based on betweenness centrality are the most effective way to cause a collapse compared with attacks based on degree and closeness centrality. In addition, airports of the USACN have formed an increasing number of communities with geographical ties, and airports in the noncontiguous regions are more vulnerable than other communities in the lower 48 states. Further, we discover that the average path lengths have increased, and the overall efficiency has decreased from 0.7 to 0.4 due to the dependency of the hub-and-spoke structure. This paper complements previous studies on the dynamic structure evolution of air cargo networks through the lens of complex network theory with spatial-temporal data.Changsong ZhaoChunliang XiuHindawi-WileyarticleElectronic computers. Computer scienceQA75.5-76.95ENComplexity, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
spellingShingle	Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Changsong Zhao Chunliang Xiu Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019
description	As the US air cargo network (USACN) becomes a crucial part of the economy, it is pivotal to understand the structural evolution of the network and how it would be affected by unexpected events. We investigated the network structure, efficiency, and robustness of the USACN from 1990 to 2019 due to targeted attacks based on complex network theory from a dynamic and spatiotemporal perspective. Our results suggest that the USACN has enhanced robustness. Moreover, we find that attacks based on betweenness centrality are the most effective way to cause a collapse compared with attacks based on degree and closeness centrality. In addition, airports of the USACN have formed an increasing number of communities with geographical ties, and airports in the noncontiguous regions are more vulnerable than other communities in the lower 48 states. Further, we discover that the average path lengths have increased, and the overall efficiency has decreased from 0.7 to 0.4 due to the dependency of the hub-and-spoke structure. This paper complements previous studies on the dynamic structure evolution of air cargo networks through the lens of complex network theory with spatial-temporal data.
format	article
author	Changsong Zhao Chunliang Xiu
author_facet	Changsong Zhao Chunliang Xiu
author_sort	Changsong Zhao
title	Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019
title_short	Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019
title_full	Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019
title_fullStr	Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019
title_full_unstemmed	Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019
title_sort	structural efficiency and robustness evolution of the us air cargo network from 1990 to 2019
publisher	Hindawi-Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d49be32334d6497890a18324955a3c74
work_keys_str_mv	AT changsongzhao structuralefficiencyandrobustnessevolutionoftheusaircargonetworkfrom1990to2019 AT chunliangxiu structuralefficiencyandrobustnessevolutionoftheusaircargonetworkfrom1990to2019
_version_	1718407736554684416

Structural Efficiency and Robustness Evolution of the US Air Cargo Network from 1990 to 2019

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