Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography

Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on a host cell for replication and survival. Consequently, to fully understand the viral processes involved in infection and replication, it is fundamental to study them in the cellular context. Often, viral infections induce significant changes in the subc...

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Autores principales:	Damià Garriga, Francisco Javier Chichón, Bárbara M. Calisto, Diego S. Ferrero, Pablo Gastaminza, Eva Pereiro, Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cryo–soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccinia virus (VACV) Zika virus (ZIKV) direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d4acd68852084dee8afed4bb2eeccdfa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d4acd68852084dee8afed4bb2eeccdfa2021-11-25T19:12:19ZImaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography10.3390/v131121091999-4915https://doaj.org/article/d4acd68852084dee8afed4bb2eeccdfa2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2109https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on a host cell for replication and survival. Consequently, to fully understand the viral processes involved in infection and replication, it is fundamental to study them in the cellular context. Often, viral infections induce significant changes in the subcellular organization of the host cell due to the formation of viral factories, alteration of cell cytoskeleton and/or budding of newly formed particles. Accurate 3D mapping of organelle reorganization in infected cells can thus provide valuable information for both basic virus research and antiviral drug development. Among the available techniques for 3D cell imaging, cryo–soft X-ray tomography stands out for its large depth of view (allowing for 10 µm thick biological samples to be imaged without further thinning), its resolution (about 50 nm for tomographies, sufficient to detect viral particles), the minimal requirements for sample manipulation (can be used on frozen, unfixed and unstained whole cells) and the potential to be combined with other techniques (i.e., correlative fluorescence microscopy). In this review we describe the fundamentals of cryo–soft X-ray tomography, its sample requirements, its advantages and its limitations. To highlight the potential of this technique, examples of virus research performed at BL09-MISTRAL beamline in ALBA synchrotron are also presented.Damià GarrigaFrancisco Javier ChichónBárbara M. CalistoDiego S. FerreroPablo GastaminzaEva PereiroAna Joaquina Pérez-BernaMDPI AGarticlecryo–soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT)hepatitis C virus (HCV)vaccinia virus (VACV)Zika virus (ZIKV)direct-acting antiviral (DAAs)MicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2109, p 2109 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cryo–soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccinia virus (VACV) Zika virus (ZIKV) direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	cryo–soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccinia virus (VACV) Zika virus (ZIKV) direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) Microbiology QR1-502 Damià Garriga Francisco Javier Chichón Bárbara M. Calisto Diego S. Ferrero Pablo Gastaminza Eva Pereiro Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography
description	Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on a host cell for replication and survival. Consequently, to fully understand the viral processes involved in infection and replication, it is fundamental to study them in the cellular context. Often, viral infections induce significant changes in the subcellular organization of the host cell due to the formation of viral factories, alteration of cell cytoskeleton and/or budding of newly formed particles. Accurate 3D mapping of organelle reorganization in infected cells can thus provide valuable information for both basic virus research and antiviral drug development. Among the available techniques for 3D cell imaging, cryo–soft X-ray tomography stands out for its large depth of view (allowing for 10 µm thick biological samples to be imaged without further thinning), its resolution (about 50 nm for tomographies, sufficient to detect viral particles), the minimal requirements for sample manipulation (can be used on frozen, unfixed and unstained whole cells) and the potential to be combined with other techniques (i.e., correlative fluorescence microscopy). In this review we describe the fundamentals of cryo–soft X-ray tomography, its sample requirements, its advantages and its limitations. To highlight the potential of this technique, examples of virus research performed at BL09-MISTRAL beamline in ALBA synchrotron are also presented.
format	article
author	Damià Garriga Francisco Javier Chichón Bárbara M. Calisto Diego S. Ferrero Pablo Gastaminza Eva Pereiro Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna
author_facet	Damià Garriga Francisco Javier Chichón Bárbara M. Calisto Diego S. Ferrero Pablo Gastaminza Eva Pereiro Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna
author_sort	Damià Garriga
title	Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography
title_short	Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography
title_full	Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography
title_fullStr	Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography
title_full_unstemmed	Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography
title_sort	imaging of virus-infected cells with soft x-ray tomography
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d4acd68852084dee8afed4bb2eeccdfa
work_keys_str_mv	AT damiagarriga imagingofvirusinfectedcellswithsoftxraytomography AT franciscojavierchichon imagingofvirusinfectedcellswithsoftxraytomography AT barbaramcalisto imagingofvirusinfectedcellswithsoftxraytomography AT diegosferrero imagingofvirusinfectedcellswithsoftxraytomography AT pablogastaminza imagingofvirusinfectedcellswithsoftxraytomography AT evapereiro imagingofvirusinfectedcellswithsoftxraytomography AT anajoaquinaperezberna imagingofvirusinfectedcellswithsoftxraytomography
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Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography

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