Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.

The Miocene Pisco Formation, broadly exposed in the Ica Desert of southern Peru, is among the most outstanding Cenozoic marine Fossil-Lagerstätten worldwide. It is renowned for its exceptional preservation and abundance of vertebrate fossils, including a rich assemblage of whales and dolphins (Cetac...

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Autores principales:	Giulia Bosio, Alberto Collareta, Claudio Di Celma, Olivier Lambert, Felix G Marx, Christian de Muizon, Anna Gioncada, Karen Gariboldi, Elisa Malinverno, Rafael Varas Malca, Mario Urbina, Giovanni Bianucci
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d4cb2c2ef43d41519e726bfaba167965
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d4cb2c2ef43d41519e726bfaba1679652021-12-02T20:09:13ZTaphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254395https://doaj.org/article/d4cb2c2ef43d41519e726bfaba1679652021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254395https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The Miocene Pisco Formation, broadly exposed in the Ica Desert of southern Peru, is among the most outstanding Cenozoic marine Fossil-Lagerstätten worldwide. It is renowned for its exceptional preservation and abundance of vertebrate fossils, including a rich assemblage of whales and dolphins (Cetacea). Here, we integrate taphonomic data on 890 marine vertebrate fossils, gathered through 16 different localities. Our observations range from the taxonomic distribution, articulation, completeness, disposition and orientation of skeletons, to the presence of bite marks, associations with shark teeth and macro-invertebrates, bone and soft tissue preservation, and the formation of attendant carbonate concretions and sedimentary structures. We propose that the exceptional preservation characterising many Pisco vertebrates, as well as their exceptionally high abundance, cannot be ascribed to a single cause like high sedimentation rates (as proposed in the past), but rather to the interplay of several favourable factors including: (i) low levels of dissolved oxygen at the seafloor (with the intervention of seasonal anoxic events); (ii) the early onset of mineralisation processes like apatite dissolution/recrystallisation and carbonate mineral precipitation; (iii) rapid burial of carcasses in a soupy substrate and/or a novel mechanism involving scour-induced self-burial; and (iv) original biological richness. Collectively, our observations provide a comprehensive overview of the taphonomic processes that shaped one of South America's most important fossil deposits, and suggest a model for the formation of other marine vertebrate Fossil-Lagerstätten.Giulia BosioAlberto CollaretaClaudio Di CelmaOlivier LambertFelix G MarxChristian de MuizonAnna GioncadaKaren GariboldiElisa MalinvernoRafael Varas MalcaMario UrbinaGiovanni BianucciPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254395 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Giulia Bosio Alberto Collareta Claudio Di Celma Olivier Lambert Felix G Marx Christian de Muizon Anna Gioncada Karen Gariboldi Elisa Malinverno Rafael Varas Malca Mario Urbina Giovanni Bianucci Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.
description	The Miocene Pisco Formation, broadly exposed in the Ica Desert of southern Peru, is among the most outstanding Cenozoic marine Fossil-Lagerstätten worldwide. It is renowned for its exceptional preservation and abundance of vertebrate fossils, including a rich assemblage of whales and dolphins (Cetacea). Here, we integrate taphonomic data on 890 marine vertebrate fossils, gathered through 16 different localities. Our observations range from the taxonomic distribution, articulation, completeness, disposition and orientation of skeletons, to the presence of bite marks, associations with shark teeth and macro-invertebrates, bone and soft tissue preservation, and the formation of attendant carbonate concretions and sedimentary structures. We propose that the exceptional preservation characterising many Pisco vertebrates, as well as their exceptionally high abundance, cannot be ascribed to a single cause like high sedimentation rates (as proposed in the past), but rather to the interplay of several favourable factors including: (i) low levels of dissolved oxygen at the seafloor (with the intervention of seasonal anoxic events); (ii) the early onset of mineralisation processes like apatite dissolution/recrystallisation and carbonate mineral precipitation; (iii) rapid burial of carcasses in a soupy substrate and/or a novel mechanism involving scour-induced self-burial; and (iv) original biological richness. Collectively, our observations provide a comprehensive overview of the taphonomic processes that shaped one of South America's most important fossil deposits, and suggest a model for the formation of other marine vertebrate Fossil-Lagerstätten.
format	article
author	Giulia Bosio Alberto Collareta Claudio Di Celma Olivier Lambert Felix G Marx Christian de Muizon Anna Gioncada Karen Gariboldi Elisa Malinverno Rafael Varas Malca Mario Urbina Giovanni Bianucci
author_facet	Giulia Bosio Alberto Collareta Claudio Di Celma Olivier Lambert Felix G Marx Christian de Muizon Anna Gioncada Karen Gariboldi Elisa Malinverno Rafael Varas Malca Mario Urbina Giovanni Bianucci
author_sort	Giulia Bosio
title	Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.
title_short	Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.
title_full	Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.
title_fullStr	Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.
title_full_unstemmed	Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.
title_sort	taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the pisco formation (miocene, peru): insights into the origin of an outstanding fossil-lagerstätte.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d4cb2c2ef43d41519e726bfaba167965
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Taphonomy of marine vertebrates of the Pisco Formation (Miocene, Peru): Insights into the origin of an outstanding Fossil-Lagerstätte.

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