Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico

Atmospheric emissions from vessels at 38 Pacific and Gulf-Caribbean Mexican ports were determined for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide. The emissions have been estimated using a bottom-up methodology in the man...

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Autores principales:	Gilberto Fuentes García, Rodolfo Sosa Echeverría, José María Baldasano Recio, Jonathan D. W. Kahl, Elías Granados Hernández, Ana Luisa Alarcón Jímenez, Rafael Esteban Antonio Durán
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	atmospheric emissions maritime zone maneuvering phase hoteling phase emission factor air pollution Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d4d393c139fd4634b08953d27c29f712
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d4d393c139fd4634b08953d27c29f7122021-11-25T18:03:59ZAtmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico10.3390/jmse91111862077-1312https://doaj.org/article/d4d393c139fd4634b08953d27c29f7122021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1186https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312Atmospheric emissions from vessels at 38 Pacific and Gulf-Caribbean Mexican ports were determined for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide. The emissions have been estimated using a bottom-up methodology in the maneuver and hoteling phases, by vessel type, from 2005 to 2020. Maritime traffic in Mexico’s Pacific zone contributes approximately with 60% of the country’s total ship emissions, with the remaining 40% in Gulf-Caribbean ports. The highest atmospheric emissions were found at the Manzanillo and Lázaro Cárdenas ports on the Pacific coast, as well as the Altamira and Veracruz ports on the Gulf-Caribbean coast. The contribution of the atmospheric emissions by vessel type at Pacific ports was Container 67%, Bulk Carrier 32%, Tanker 0.8%, and RoRo 0.4%. For Gulf-Caribbean ports it was Container 76%, Bulk Carrier 19%, Tanker 3%, and RoRo 2%. This study incorporates the International Maritime Organization implementations on reductions of sulfur content in marine fuel, from 4.5% mass by mass from 2005 to 2011, to 3.5% from 2012 to 2019, to 0.5% beginning in 2020. Overall, sulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by 89%.Gilberto Fuentes GarcíaRodolfo Sosa EcheverríaJosé María Baldasano RecioJonathan D. W. KahlElías Granados HernándezAna Luisa Alarcón JímenezRafael Esteban Antonio DuránMDPI AGarticleatmospheric emissionsmaritime zonemaneuvering phasehoteling phaseemission factorair pollutionNaval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineeringVM1-989OceanographyGC1-1581ENJournal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 9, Iss 1186, p 1186 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	atmospheric emissions maritime zone maneuvering phase hoteling phase emission factor air pollution Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
spellingShingle	atmospheric emissions maritime zone maneuvering phase hoteling phase emission factor air pollution Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Gilberto Fuentes García Rodolfo Sosa Echeverría José María Baldasano Recio Jonathan D. W. Kahl Elías Granados Hernández Ana Luisa Alarcón Jímenez Rafael Esteban Antonio Durán Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico
description	Atmospheric emissions from vessels at 38 Pacific and Gulf-Caribbean Mexican ports were determined for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide. The emissions have been estimated using a bottom-up methodology in the maneuver and hoteling phases, by vessel type, from 2005 to 2020. Maritime traffic in Mexico’s Pacific zone contributes approximately with 60% of the country’s total ship emissions, with the remaining 40% in Gulf-Caribbean ports. The highest atmospheric emissions were found at the Manzanillo and Lázaro Cárdenas ports on the Pacific coast, as well as the Altamira and Veracruz ports on the Gulf-Caribbean coast. The contribution of the atmospheric emissions by vessel type at Pacific ports was Container 67%, Bulk Carrier 32%, Tanker 0.8%, and RoRo 0.4%. For Gulf-Caribbean ports it was Container 76%, Bulk Carrier 19%, Tanker 3%, and RoRo 2%. This study incorporates the International Maritime Organization implementations on reductions of sulfur content in marine fuel, from 4.5% mass by mass from 2005 to 2011, to 3.5% from 2012 to 2019, to 0.5% beginning in 2020. Overall, sulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by 89%.
format	article
author	Gilberto Fuentes García Rodolfo Sosa Echeverría José María Baldasano Recio Jonathan D. W. Kahl Elías Granados Hernández Ana Luisa Alarcón Jímenez Rafael Esteban Antonio Durán
author_facet	Gilberto Fuentes García Rodolfo Sosa Echeverría José María Baldasano Recio Jonathan D. W. Kahl Elías Granados Hernández Ana Luisa Alarcón Jímenez Rafael Esteban Antonio Durán
author_sort	Gilberto Fuentes García
title	Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico
title_short	Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico
title_full	Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico
title_fullStr	Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico
title_full_unstemmed	Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico
title_sort	atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in mexico
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d4d393c139fd4634b08953d27c29f712
work_keys_str_mv	AT gilbertofuentesgarcia atmosphericemissionsinportsduetomaritimetrafficinmexico AT rodolfososaecheverria atmosphericemissionsinportsduetomaritimetrafficinmexico AT josemariabaldasanorecio atmosphericemissionsinportsduetomaritimetrafficinmexico AT jonathandwkahl atmosphericemissionsinportsduetomaritimetrafficinmexico AT eliasgranadoshernandez atmosphericemissionsinportsduetomaritimetrafficinmexico AT analuisaalarconjimenez atmosphericemissionsinportsduetomaritimetrafficinmexico AT rafaelestebanantonioduran atmosphericemissionsinportsduetomaritimetrafficinmexico
_version_	1718411709932109824

Atmospheric Emissions in Ports Due to Maritime Traffic in Mexico

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