Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in the breast and is typically due to bacterial infection. In malaria-endemic areas, mastitis with accompanying fever can be challenging to differentiate from malaria. At the same time, it is unclear whether malaria infection is directly involved in t...

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Autores principales:	Mamoru Niikura, Toshiyuki Fukutomi, Shoichiro Mineo, Jiro Mitobe, Fumie Kobayashi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d4d6570b5a934ae3a33fe15ba614925f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d4d6570b5a934ae3a33fe15ba614925f2021-12-02T20:19:16ZMalaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258491https://doaj.org/article/d4d6570b5a934ae3a33fe15ba614925f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258491https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in the breast and is typically due to bacterial infection. In malaria-endemic areas, mastitis with accompanying fever can be challenging to differentiate from malaria. At the same time, it is unclear whether malaria infection is directly involved in the development of mastitis. In the present study, whether mastitis develops during infection with malaria parasites was investigated using a rodent malaria model with Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei; Pb) ANKA. The course of parasitemia in postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA was similar to the course in infected virgin mice. However, infected postpartum mice died earlier than did infected virgin mice. In addition, the weight of pups from mice infected with Pb ANKA was significantly reduced compared with pups from uninfected mice. The macroscopic and histological analyses showed apparent changes, such as destruction of the alveolus wall and extensive presence of leukocytes, in mammary gland tissue in mice infected during the postpartum period. The findings suggest that women during the postpartum period are more vulnerable to complications when infected with malaria parasites, particularly women who do not acquire protective immunity against malaria parasites. Based on the proteomic analysis, IFN-γ signaling pathway-related proteins in mammary gland tissue of the infected postpartum mice were increased. Our results indicate that inflammation induced by IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine, may contribute to negative histological changes in mammary gland tissue of postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA. In IFN-γ receptor 1-deficient (IFNGR1-KO) mice, the histological changes in mammary gland tissue of the infected postpartum wild-type mice were improved to almost normal mammary gland structure. Furthermore, weight loss in pups delivered by infected IFNGR1-KO postpartum mice was not observed. Taken together, these findings indicate that inflammation induced by IFN-γ is associated with development of mastitis in postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA. The present study results may increase our understanding of how disease aggravation occurs during postpartum malaria.Mamoru NiikuraToshiyuki FukutomiShoichiro MineoJiro MitobeFumie KobayashiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258491 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mamoru Niikura Toshiyuki Fukutomi Shoichiro Mineo Jiro Mitobe Fumie Kobayashi Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.
description	Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in the breast and is typically due to bacterial infection. In malaria-endemic areas, mastitis with accompanying fever can be challenging to differentiate from malaria. At the same time, it is unclear whether malaria infection is directly involved in the development of mastitis. In the present study, whether mastitis develops during infection with malaria parasites was investigated using a rodent malaria model with Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei; Pb) ANKA. The course of parasitemia in postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA was similar to the course in infected virgin mice. However, infected postpartum mice died earlier than did infected virgin mice. In addition, the weight of pups from mice infected with Pb ANKA was significantly reduced compared with pups from uninfected mice. The macroscopic and histological analyses showed apparent changes, such as destruction of the alveolus wall and extensive presence of leukocytes, in mammary gland tissue in mice infected during the postpartum period. The findings suggest that women during the postpartum period are more vulnerable to complications when infected with malaria parasites, particularly women who do not acquire protective immunity against malaria parasites. Based on the proteomic analysis, IFN-γ signaling pathway-related proteins in mammary gland tissue of the infected postpartum mice were increased. Our results indicate that inflammation induced by IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine, may contribute to negative histological changes in mammary gland tissue of postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA. In IFN-γ receptor 1-deficient (IFNGR1-KO) mice, the histological changes in mammary gland tissue of the infected postpartum wild-type mice were improved to almost normal mammary gland structure. Furthermore, weight loss in pups delivered by infected IFNGR1-KO postpartum mice was not observed. Taken together, these findings indicate that inflammation induced by IFN-γ is associated with development of mastitis in postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA. The present study results may increase our understanding of how disease aggravation occurs during postpartum malaria.
format	article
author	Mamoru Niikura Toshiyuki Fukutomi Shoichiro Mineo Jiro Mitobe Fumie Kobayashi
author_facet	Mamoru Niikura Toshiyuki Fukutomi Shoichiro Mineo Jiro Mitobe Fumie Kobayashi
author_sort	Mamoru Niikura
title	Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.
title_short	Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.
title_full	Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.
title_fullStr	Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.
title_full_unstemmed	Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.
title_sort	malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d4d6570b5a934ae3a33fe15ba614925f
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Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland.

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