Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver

ABSTRACT Metal-based antimicrobials have been used for thousands of years to treat and prevent bacterial infections. Currently, both silver and copper are used in health care and industry to prevent and treat the spread of harmful bacteria. However, like most antimicrobial agents, their efficacy aga...

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Autores principales:	Nadia K. Monych, Raymond J. Turner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial bacterial interactions copper metal resistance Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d532f998672b4c4a849295820096c4a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d532f998672b4c4a849295820096c4a32021-12-02T19:47:33ZMultiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver10.1128/mSystems.00746-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/d532f998672b4c4a849295820096c4a32020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00746-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Metal-based antimicrobials have been used for thousands of years to treat and prevent bacterial infections. Currently, both silver and copper are used in health care and industry to prevent and treat the spread of harmful bacteria. However, like most antimicrobial agents, their efficacy against polymicrobial infections has not been fully elucidated. Coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and the resulting interactions have been implicated in higher virulence, antibiotic resistance, and increased chronic infections. Here, the influence of secreted compounds from P. aeruginosa on metal antimicrobial tolerance in S. aureus was examined. This study determined that multiple compounds from P. aeruginosa increase the tolerance of S. aureus to copper and/or silver when cultured in simulated wound fluid. The presence of these secreted compounds from P. aeruginosa during exposure of S. aureus to copper or silver increased the MIC from 500 μM to 2,000 μM for copper and 16 to 63 μM for silver. The contribution of specific compounds to S. aureus tolerance was determined using gene deletion and disruption mutants, and metabolite analysis. Compounds identified as potential contributors were then individually added to S. aureus during metal exposure. Copper tolerance in S. aureus was found to be increased by amino acids and dihydroaeruginoate (Dha) secreted by P. aeruginosa. The silver tolerance provided to S. aureus was influenced only by two amino acids, serine and threonine, as well as the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) molecules from P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Alternative antimicrobials, such as metals, are one of the methods currently used to help mitigate antibiotic resistance. Metal-based antimicrobials such as copper and silver are used currently both to prevent and to treat infections. Although the efficacy of these antimicrobials has been determined in single-species culture, bacteria rarely exist in a single-species group in the environment. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are often found associated with each other in severe chronic infections displaying increased virulence and antibiotic tolerance. In this study, we determined that multiple compounds secreted by P. aeruginosa are able to increase the tolerance of S. aureus to both copper and silver. This work demonstrates the expansive chemical communication occurring in polymicrobial infections between bacteria.Nadia K. MonychRaymond J. TurnerAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlePseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusantimicrobialbacterial interactionscoppermetal resistanceMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 5, Iss 5 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial bacterial interactions copper metal resistance Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial bacterial interactions copper metal resistance Microbiology QR1-502 Nadia K. Monych Raymond J. Turner Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver
description	ABSTRACT Metal-based antimicrobials have been used for thousands of years to treat and prevent bacterial infections. Currently, both silver and copper are used in health care and industry to prevent and treat the spread of harmful bacteria. However, like most antimicrobial agents, their efficacy against polymicrobial infections has not been fully elucidated. Coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and the resulting interactions have been implicated in higher virulence, antibiotic resistance, and increased chronic infections. Here, the influence of secreted compounds from P. aeruginosa on metal antimicrobial tolerance in S. aureus was examined. This study determined that multiple compounds from P. aeruginosa increase the tolerance of S. aureus to copper and/or silver when cultured in simulated wound fluid. The presence of these secreted compounds from P. aeruginosa during exposure of S. aureus to copper or silver increased the MIC from 500 μM to 2,000 μM for copper and 16 to 63 μM for silver. The contribution of specific compounds to S. aureus tolerance was determined using gene deletion and disruption mutants, and metabolite analysis. Compounds identified as potential contributors were then individually added to S. aureus during metal exposure. Copper tolerance in S. aureus was found to be increased by amino acids and dihydroaeruginoate (Dha) secreted by P. aeruginosa. The silver tolerance provided to S. aureus was influenced only by two amino acids, serine and threonine, as well as the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) molecules from P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Alternative antimicrobials, such as metals, are one of the methods currently used to help mitigate antibiotic resistance. Metal-based antimicrobials such as copper and silver are used currently both to prevent and to treat infections. Although the efficacy of these antimicrobials has been determined in single-species culture, bacteria rarely exist in a single-species group in the environment. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are often found associated with each other in severe chronic infections displaying increased virulence and antibiotic tolerance. In this study, we determined that multiple compounds secreted by P. aeruginosa are able to increase the tolerance of S. aureus to both copper and silver. This work demonstrates the expansive chemical communication occurring in polymicrobial infections between bacteria.
format	article
author	Nadia K. Monych Raymond J. Turner
author_facet	Nadia K. Monych Raymond J. Turner
author_sort	Nadia K. Monych
title	Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver
title_short	Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver
title_full	Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver
title_fullStr	Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver
title_full_unstemmed	Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver
title_sort	multiple compounds secreted by <italic toggle="yes">pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> increase the tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the antimicrobial metals copper and silver
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/d532f998672b4c4a849295820096c4a3
work_keys_str_mv	AT nadiakmonych multiplecompoundssecretedbyitalictoggleyespseudomonasaeruginosaitalicincreasethetoleranceofitalictoggleyesstaphylococcusaureusitalictotheantimicrobialmetalscopperandsilver AT raymondjturner multiplecompoundssecretedbyitalictoggleyespseudomonasaeruginosaitalicincreasethetoleranceofitalictoggleyesstaphylococcusaureusitalictotheantimicrobialmetalscopperandsilver
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Multiple Compounds Secreted by <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Increase the Tolerance of <italic toggle="yes">Staphylococcus aureus</italic> to the Antimicrobial Metals Copper and Silver

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