Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize

Abstract Genetically engineered crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins have transformed insect management in maize and cotton, reducing insecticide use and associated off-target effects. To mitigate the risk that pests evolve resistance to Bt crops, the US Environmental Protection A...

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Autores principales:	Benjamin Arends, Dominic D. Reisig, Shawnee Gundry, Anders S. Huseth, Francis P. F. Reay-Jones, Jeremy K. Greene, George G. Kennedy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d546bfed5083454aa9af69193363216a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d546bfed5083454aa9af69193363216a2021-12-02T15:28:46ZEffectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize10.1038/s41598-021-97123-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d546bfed5083454aa9af69193363216a2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97123-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Genetically engineered crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins have transformed insect management in maize and cotton, reducing insecticide use and associated off-target effects. To mitigate the risk that pests evolve resistance to Bt crops, the US Environmental Protection Agency requires resistance management measures. The approved resistance management plan for Bt maize in cotton production regions requires a structured refuge of non-Bt maize equal to 20% of the maize planted; that for Bt cotton relies on the presence of an unstructured natural refuge comprising both non-Bt crop and non-crop hosts. We examined how abundance of Bt crops (cotton and maize) and an important non-Bt crop (soybean) component of the natural refuge affect resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin in local populations of Helicoverpa zea, an important lepidopteran pest impacted by Bt cotton and maize. We show refuge effectiveness is responsive to local abundances of maize and cotton and non-Bt soybean, and maize, in its role as a source of H. zea infesting cotton and non-Bt hosts, influences refuge effectiveness. These findings have important implications for commercial and regulatory decisions regarding deployment of Bt toxins targeting H. zea in maize, cotton, and other crops and for assumptions regarding efficacy of natural refuges.Benjamin ArendsDominic D. ReisigShawnee GundryAnders S. HusethFrancis P. F. Reay-JonesJeremy K. GreeneGeorge G. KennedyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Benjamin Arends Dominic D. Reisig Shawnee Gundry Anders S. Huseth Francis P. F. Reay-Jones Jeremy K. Greene George G. Kennedy Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize
description	Abstract Genetically engineered crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins have transformed insect management in maize and cotton, reducing insecticide use and associated off-target effects. To mitigate the risk that pests evolve resistance to Bt crops, the US Environmental Protection Agency requires resistance management measures. The approved resistance management plan for Bt maize in cotton production regions requires a structured refuge of non-Bt maize equal to 20% of the maize planted; that for Bt cotton relies on the presence of an unstructured natural refuge comprising both non-Bt crop and non-crop hosts. We examined how abundance of Bt crops (cotton and maize) and an important non-Bt crop (soybean) component of the natural refuge affect resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin in local populations of Helicoverpa zea, an important lepidopteran pest impacted by Bt cotton and maize. We show refuge effectiveness is responsive to local abundances of maize and cotton and non-Bt soybean, and maize, in its role as a source of H. zea infesting cotton and non-Bt hosts, influences refuge effectiveness. These findings have important implications for commercial and regulatory decisions regarding deployment of Bt toxins targeting H. zea in maize, cotton, and other crops and for assumptions regarding efficacy of natural refuges.
format	article
author	Benjamin Arends Dominic D. Reisig Shawnee Gundry Anders S. Huseth Francis P. F. Reay-Jones Jeremy K. Greene George G. Kennedy
author_facet	Benjamin Arends Dominic D. Reisig Shawnee Gundry Anders S. Huseth Francis P. F. Reay-Jones Jeremy K. Greene George G. Kennedy
author_sort	Benjamin Arends
title	Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize
title_short	Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize
title_full	Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize
title_fullStr	Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize
title_full_unstemmed	Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize
title_sort	effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d546bfed5083454aa9af69193363216a
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Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize

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