Tularemia in the world

Here we review the data on the global spread of tularemia — a natural focal, especially dangerous human and animal infection caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Strains of the most virulent F. tularensis subspecies tularensis circulate solely in the North America, whereas less virulent F...

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Autores principales: T. Yu. Kudryavtseva, A. N. Mokrievich
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Lenguaje:RU
Publicado: Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/d55f133eb6714ddfb6866f602983c862
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:d55f133eb6714ddfb6866f602983c8622021-11-22T07:09:54ZTularemia in the world2220-76192313-739810.15789/2220-7619-TTW-1380https://doaj.org/article/d55f133eb6714ddfb6866f602983c8622021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1380https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Here we review the data on the global spread of tularemia — a natural focal, especially dangerous human and animal infection caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Strains of the most virulent F. tularensis subspecies tularensis circulate solely in the North America, whereas less virulent F. tularensis subspecies holarctica is found in Europe, Asia (Japan), North America, Australia (especially Tasmania). Isolates of this subspecies are isolated in territories of various climatic zones — from subarctic to subtropical, featured with diverse biocenoses in natural foci — from water to desert, with their unique hosts and carriers. Compared with the remaining subspecies of the tularemia causative agent, subspecies holarctica has a wide spread due to its ability to live in aquatic environment that markedly expands its distribution areas and shows higher ecological plasticity and stability. Infection of people by such causative agents occurs due to infected blood-sucking arthropods biting (mosquitoes, horseflies, ticks), intake of rodent-contaminated food and water, inhalation of air-dust aerosol bearing tularemia pathogen transmitted from sick rodents, as well as after direct contact with infected animals (hunting, pet care, carcass cutting). Different routes of the pathogen transmission in various countries are discussed. The peak prevalence of tularemia is observed in the North America (USA) and Europe (Sweden and Finland), as well as in Asia (Turkey). Since the mid-20th century, incidence rate of tularemia has been profoundly decreased in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan due to preventing populations in tularemia-enzootic territories as well as those at risk of contact. In the last years, 31 European countries as well as Turkey and Japan have begun to conduct mandatory registration of tularemia cases due to an opportunity of using the pathogen for bioterrorism. The geographical distribution of the main tularemia microbe phylogenetic populations and subpopulations is demonstrated. The peak diversity of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strains in a single country was registered in China. The major ecology- and epidemiology-related features of the tularemia causative agent are noted.T. Yu. KudryavtsevaA. N. MokrievichSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pasteraarticletularemiafrancisella tularensisnatural fociepidemic situationepizootic situationincidence of tularemiaInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216RUInfekciâ i Immunitet, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 249-264 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language RU
topic tularemia
francisella tularensis
natural foci
epidemic situation
epizootic situation
incidence of tularemia
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
spellingShingle tularemia
francisella tularensis
natural foci
epidemic situation
epizootic situation
incidence of tularemia
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
T. Yu. Kudryavtseva
A. N. Mokrievich
Tularemia in the world
description Here we review the data on the global spread of tularemia — a natural focal, especially dangerous human and animal infection caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Strains of the most virulent F. tularensis subspecies tularensis circulate solely in the North America, whereas less virulent F. tularensis subspecies holarctica is found in Europe, Asia (Japan), North America, Australia (especially Tasmania). Isolates of this subspecies are isolated in territories of various climatic zones — from subarctic to subtropical, featured with diverse biocenoses in natural foci — from water to desert, with their unique hosts and carriers. Compared with the remaining subspecies of the tularemia causative agent, subspecies holarctica has a wide spread due to its ability to live in aquatic environment that markedly expands its distribution areas and shows higher ecological plasticity and stability. Infection of people by such causative agents occurs due to infected blood-sucking arthropods biting (mosquitoes, horseflies, ticks), intake of rodent-contaminated food and water, inhalation of air-dust aerosol bearing tularemia pathogen transmitted from sick rodents, as well as after direct contact with infected animals (hunting, pet care, carcass cutting). Different routes of the pathogen transmission in various countries are discussed. The peak prevalence of tularemia is observed in the North America (USA) and Europe (Sweden and Finland), as well as in Asia (Turkey). Since the mid-20th century, incidence rate of tularemia has been profoundly decreased in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan due to preventing populations in tularemia-enzootic territories as well as those at risk of contact. In the last years, 31 European countries as well as Turkey and Japan have begun to conduct mandatory registration of tularemia cases due to an opportunity of using the pathogen for bioterrorism. The geographical distribution of the main tularemia microbe phylogenetic populations and subpopulations is demonstrated. The peak diversity of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strains in a single country was registered in China. The major ecology- and epidemiology-related features of the tularemia causative agent are noted.
format article
author T. Yu. Kudryavtseva
A. N. Mokrievich
author_facet T. Yu. Kudryavtseva
A. N. Mokrievich
author_sort T. Yu. Kudryavtseva
title Tularemia in the world
title_short Tularemia in the world
title_full Tularemia in the world
title_fullStr Tularemia in the world
title_full_unstemmed Tularemia in the world
title_sort tularemia in the world
publisher Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/d55f133eb6714ddfb6866f602983c862
work_keys_str_mv AT tyukudryavtseva tularemiaintheworld
AT anmokrievich tularemiaintheworld
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