Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review

Chalcocite is the most abundant secondary copper sulfide globally, with the highest copper content, and is easily treated by conventional hydrometallurgical processes, making it a very profitable mineral for extraction. Among the various leaching processes to treat chalcocite, chloride media show be...

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Autores principales:	Norman Toro, Carlos Moraga, David Torres, Manuel Saldaña, Kevin Pérez, Edelmira Gálvez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Cu<sub>2</sub>S CuS dissolution chloride Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d56471c37eb34391ba962ec7231d2f3b
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:d56471c37eb34391ba962ec7231d2f3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d56471c37eb34391ba962ec7231d2f3b2021-11-25T18:26:12ZLeaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review10.3390/min111111972075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/d56471c37eb34391ba962ec7231d2f3b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1197https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XChalcocite is the most abundant secondary copper sulfide globally, with the highest copper content, and is easily treated by conventional hydrometallurgical processes, making it a very profitable mineral for extraction. Among the various leaching processes to treat chalcocite, chloride media show better results and have a greater industrial boom. Chalcocite dissolution is a two-stage process, the second being much slower than the first. During the second stage, in the first instance, it is possible to oxidize the covellite in a wide range of chloride concentrations or redox potentials (up to 75% extraction of Cu). Subsequently, CuS<sub>2</sub> is formed, which is to be oxidized. It is necessary to work at high concentrations of chloride (>2.5 mol/L) and/or increase the temperature to reach a redox potential of over 650 mV, which in turn decreases the thickness of the elemental sulfur layer on the mineral surface, facilitating chloride ions to generate a better porosity of this. Finally, it is concluded that the most optimal way to extract copper from chalcocite is, during the first stage, to work with high concentrations of chloride (50–100 g/L) and low concentrations of sulfuric acid (0.5 mol/L) at a temperature environment, as other variables become irrelevant during this stage if the concentration of chloride ions in the system is high. While in the second stage, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the system (moderate temperatures) or incorporate a high concentration of some oxidizing agent to avoid the passivation of the mineral.Norman ToroCarlos MoragaDavid TorresManuel SaldañaKevin PérezEdelmira GálvezMDPI AGarticleCu<sub>2</sub>SCuSdissolutionchlorideMineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1197, p 1197 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cu<sub>2</sub>S CuS dissolution chloride Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	Cu<sub>2</sub>S CuS dissolution chloride Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Norman Toro Carlos Moraga David Torres Manuel Saldaña Kevin Pérez Edelmira Gálvez Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review
description	Chalcocite is the most abundant secondary copper sulfide globally, with the highest copper content, and is easily treated by conventional hydrometallurgical processes, making it a very profitable mineral for extraction. Among the various leaching processes to treat chalcocite, chloride media show better results and have a greater industrial boom. Chalcocite dissolution is a two-stage process, the second being much slower than the first. During the second stage, in the first instance, it is possible to oxidize the covellite in a wide range of chloride concentrations or redox potentials (up to 75% extraction of Cu). Subsequently, CuS<sub>2</sub> is formed, which is to be oxidized. It is necessary to work at high concentrations of chloride (>2.5 mol/L) and/or increase the temperature to reach a redox potential of over 650 mV, which in turn decreases the thickness of the elemental sulfur layer on the mineral surface, facilitating chloride ions to generate a better porosity of this. Finally, it is concluded that the most optimal way to extract copper from chalcocite is, during the first stage, to work with high concentrations of chloride (50–100 g/L) and low concentrations of sulfuric acid (0.5 mol/L) at a temperature environment, as other variables become irrelevant during this stage if the concentration of chloride ions in the system is high. While in the second stage, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the system (moderate temperatures) or incorporate a high concentration of some oxidizing agent to avoid the passivation of the mineral.
format	article
author	Norman Toro Carlos Moraga David Torres Manuel Saldaña Kevin Pérez Edelmira Gálvez
author_facet	Norman Toro Carlos Moraga David Torres Manuel Saldaña Kevin Pérez Edelmira Gálvez
author_sort	Norman Toro
title	Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review
title_short	Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review
title_full	Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review
title_fullStr	Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review
title_sort	leaching chalcocite in chloride media—a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d56471c37eb34391ba962ec7231d2f3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT normantoro leachingchalcociteinchloridemediaareview AT carlosmoraga leachingchalcociteinchloridemediaareview AT davidtorres leachingchalcociteinchloridemediaareview AT manuelsaldana leachingchalcociteinchloridemediaareview AT kevinperez leachingchalcociteinchloridemediaareview AT edelmiragalvez leachingchalcociteinchloridemediaareview
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Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review

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